ReviewFrontiers in psychiatry2021
On Blurry Boundaries When Defining Digital Biomarkers: How Much Biology Needs to Be in a Digital Biomarker?
Review in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- A framework of digital biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases.Nature reviews bioengineering · 2026Article
- Toward terminological clarity in digital biomarker research.Frontiers in digital health · 2026Article
- Accurate prediction of disease-free and overall survival in non-small cell lung cancer using patient-level multimodal weakly supervised learning.NPJ precision oncology · 2025Article
- Alzheimer's disease digital biomarkers multidimensional landscape and AI model scoping review.NPJ digital medicine · 2025Article
- Smartwatch- and smartphone-based remote assessment of brain health and detection of mild cognitive impairment.Nature medicine · 2025Observational
- Personality associations with online vs. offline social capital and well-being variables.BMC psychology · 2024Article
- Aligning digital biomarker definitions in psychiatry with the National Institute of Mental Health Research Domain Criteria framework.NPP - digital psychiatry and neuroscience · 2024Review
- The Bitemporal Lens Model-toward a holistic approach to chronic disease prevention with digital biomarkers.JAMIA open · 2024Review
- Mapping the ethical landscape of digital biomarkers: A scoping review.PLOS digital health · 2024Article
- Multidimensional digital biomarker phenotypes for mild cognitive impairment: considerations for early identification, diagnosis and monitoring.Frontiers in digital health · 2024Article
- Jaak Panksepp's primary emotions are associated with Diener's global life satisfaction: How low arousal of the SADNESS/separation distress system could form the core of life satisfaction?Personality neuroscience · 2024Article
- Smartphone-Tracked Digital Markers of Momentary Subjective Stress in College Students: Idiographic Machine Learning Analysis.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2023Article
- The future of psychopharmacology: a critical appraisal of ongoing phase 2/3 trials, and of some current trends aiming to de-risk trial programmes of novel agents.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2023Article
- Digital footprints as a new translational approach for mental health care: a commentary.Discover mental health · 2023Article
- Neuroimaging the effects of smartphone (over-)use on brain function and structure-a review on the current state of MRI-based findings and a roadmap for future research.Psychoradiology · 2023Review
- Negative psychological and physiological effects of social networking site use: The example of Facebook.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Review
- Digital Biomarker Applications Across the Spectrum of Opioid Use Disorder.Cogent mental health · 2023Article
- Editorial: an emerging field with bright prospects.Personality neuroscience · 2023Article
- Impact of individual and treatment characteristics on wearable sensor-based digital biomarkers of opioid use.NPJ digital medicine · 2022Article
- Novel 3-D action video game mechanics reveal differentiable cognitive constructs in young players, but not in old.Scientific reports · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Recent years have seen a rise in research where so called "digital biomarkers" represent the focal study interest. Many researchers understand that digital biomarkers describe digital footprints providing insights into healthy and pathological human (neuro-)biology. Beyond that the term digital biomarker is also used at times to describe more general concepts such as linking digital footprints to human behavior (which itself can be described as the result of a biological system). Given the lack of consensus on how to define a digital biomarker, the present short mini-review provides i) an overview on various definitions and ii) distinguishes between direct (narrow) or indirect (broad) concepts of digital biomarkers. From our perspective, digital biomarkers meant as a more direct (or narrow) concept describe digital footprints being directly linked to biological variables, such as stemming from molecular genetics, epigenetics, endocrinology, immunology or brain imaging, to name a few. More indirect concepts of digital biomarkers encompass digital footprints being linked to human behavior that may act as latent variables indirectly linked to biological variables.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.