ReviewFrontiers in aging neuroscience2021
Current Approaches and Molecular Mechanisms for Directly Reprogramming Fibroblasts Into Neurons and Dopamine Neurons.
Review in Frontiers in aging neuroscience, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- A forward genetic screen identifies Sirtuin1 as a driver of neuroendocrine prostate cancer.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2026Article
- On the molecular basis of enduring memory in neurons, and cell fate in fibroblasts.Nucleic acids research · 2026Review
- Glial Cell Reprogramming in Ischemic Stroke: A Review of Recent Advancements and Translational Challenges.Translational stroke research · 2025Review
- Review
- Article
- A comprehensive analysis of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) production and applications.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Progress in direct reprogramming of dopaminergic cell replacement therapy.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Review
- The circadian regulator PER1 promotes cell reprogramming by inhibiting inflammatory signaling from macrophages.PLoS biology · 2023Article
- Neural progenitor cells derived from fibroblasts induced by small molecule compounds under hypoxia for treatment of Parkinson's disease in rats.Neural regeneration research · 2023Article
- rAAV2-Mediated Restoration of GALC in Neural Stem Cells from Krabbe Patient-Derived iPSCs.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Therapeutic function of a novel rat induced pluripotent stem cell line in a 6‑OHDA‑induced rat model of Parkinson's disease.International journal of molecular medicine · 2022Article
- Vesicular Glutamate Release from Feeder-FreehiPSC-Derived Neurons.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Induced pluripotent stem cells: Generation methods and a new perspective in COVID-19 research.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Review
- Human Brain-Based Models Provide a Powerful Tool for the Advancement of Parkinson's Disease Research and Therapeutic Development.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is mainly caused by specific degeneration of dopaminergic neurons (DA neurons) in the substantia nigra of the middle brain. Over the past two decades, transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) from fetal brain-derived neural stem cells (fNSCs), human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has been shown to improve the symptoms of motor dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD) animal models and PD patients significantly. However, there are ethical concerns with fNSCs and hESCs and there is an issue of rejection by the immune system, and the iPSCs may involve tumorigenicity caused by the integration of the transgenes. Recent studies have shown that somatic fibroblasts can be directly reprogrammed to NSCs, neurons, and specific dopamine neurons. Directly induced neurons (iN) or induced DA neurons (iDANs) from somatic fibroblasts have several advantages over iPSC cells. The neurons produced by direct transdifferentiation do not pass through a pluripotent state. Therefore, direct reprogramming can generate patient-specific cells, and it can overcome the safety problems of rejection by the immune system and teratoma formation related to hESCs and iPSCs. However, there are some critical issues such as the low efficiency of direct reprogramming, biological functions, and risks from the directly converted neurons, which hinder their clinical applications. Here, the recent progress in methods, mechanisms, and future challenges of directly reprogramming somatic fibroblasts into neurons or dopamine neurons were summarized to speed up the clinical translation of these directly converted neural cells to treat PD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.