Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34658689›Full record

ArticleAdvanced functional materials2020

A Chemically Defined Hydrogel for Human Liver Organoid Culture.

Shicheng Ye, Jochem W B Boeter, Marko Mihajlovic, Frank G van Steenbeek, Monique E van Wolferen, Loes A Oosterhoff, Ary Marsee, Massimiliano Caiazzo, Luc J W van der Laan, Louis C Penning and 3 more

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Advanced functional materials, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
78citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
10.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

78 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 157 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  15. Beyond monolayers: a comparative analysis of 2D cell cultures and 3DFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026
    Review
  16. Review
  17. Multiscale Construction, Evaluation, and Application of Organoids.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025
    Review
  18. Next-Generation Hydrogels for Biliary Organoid Engineering.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Review
  19. Article
  20. Review

18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Shicheng YeDepartment of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands.
Jochem W B BoeterDepartment of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands.
Marko MihajlovicDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99, Utrecht 3584 CG, The Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology Postbus 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands.
Frank G van SteenbeekDepartment of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands.
Monique E van WolferenDepartment of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands.
Loes A OosterhoffDepartment of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands.
Ary MarseeDepartment of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands.
Massimiliano CaiazzoDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99, Utrecht 3584 CG, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology University of Naples 'Federico II' Via Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy.
Luc J W van der LaanDepartment of Surgery Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Dr. Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam 3015 GD, The Netherlands.
Louis C PenningDepartment of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands.
Tina VermondenDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99, Utrecht 3584 CG, The Netherlands.
Bart SpeeDepartment of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands.
Kerstin SchneebergerDepartment of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8109-7657
Utrecht University · NLErasmus MC · NL

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

End-stage liver diseases are an increasing health burden, and liver transplantations are currently the only curative treatment option. Due to a lack of donor livers, alternative treatments are urgently needed. Human liver organoids are very promising for regenerative medicine; however, organoids are currently cultured in Matrigel, which is extracted from the extracellular matrix of the Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm mouse sarcoma. Matrigel is poorly defined, suffers from high batch-to-batch variability and is of xenogeneic origin, which limits the clinical application of organoids. Here, a novel hydrogel based on polyisocyanopeptides (PIC) and laminin-111 is described for human liver organoid cultures. PIC is a synthetic polymer that can form a hydrogel with thermosensitive properties, making it easy to handle and very attractive for clinical applications. Organoids in an optimized PIC hydrogel proliferate at rates comparable to those observed with Matrigel; proliferation rates are stiffness-dependent, with lower stiffnesses being optimal for organoid proliferation. Moreover, organoids can be efficiently differentiated toward a hepatocyte-like phenotype with key liver functions. This proliferation and differentiation potential maintain over at least 14 passages. The results indicate that PIC is very promising for human liver organoid culture and has the potential to be used in a variety of clinical applications including cell therapy and tissue engineering.

Indexed as

hepatocyte differentiationhuman liver organoidspolyisocyanopeptidessynthetic hydrogelstissue engineering

Identifiers

PMID34658689
PMCPMC7611838
OpenAlexW3034392967

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.