ReviewCancer communications (London, England)2021
Combined treatment of non-small cell lung cancer using radiotherapy and immunotherapy: challenges and updates.
Review in Cancer communications (London, England), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Characteristics and innovative points of clinical trials of radiotherapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors in NSCLC over the past decade.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Lenvatinib potentiates the antitumor efficacy of combined radiotherapy and PD-L1 blockade in lung adenocarcinoma.Cancer biology & therapy · 2026Article
- mTORC2 Phosphorylation of GSDME-N Drives Cullin4B-Mediated Proteasomal Degradation to Suppress Pyroptosis and Confer Radioresistance in Small Cell Lung Cancer.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- A new perspective on radiotherapy in the comprehensive treatment of cancer.Precision radiation oncology · 2026Review
- BTLA and PD-1 combined with radiotherapy for enhancing antitumor immune response in lung cancer via the regulation of memory B cells to promote T-cell infiltration.Translational lung cancer research · 2026Article
- Low-dose radiotherapy synergizes with PD-1 blockade to achieve durable survival in advanced NSCLC through antitumor neutrophil programming.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Article
- NRIP1 co-activates nuclear translocated FOXO3 to upregulate TFAM expression and promote radioresistance in non-small cell lung cancer.Cell death discovery · 2026Article
- PDPK1 activates BIRC3 via NFKB1 to promote radiotherapy resistance in lung adenocarcinoma.Cancer cell international · 2026Article
- Cordyceps sinensis enhances the efficacy of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in Lewis lung adenocarcinoma.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Intratumoral microbiota and metabolites: dual roles in cancer progression and therapeutic opportunities.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Impact of radiation dose to immune cells on survival in patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer receiving consolidative thoracic radiotherapy after chemoimmunotherapy.Future oncology (London, England) · 2026Article
- FBXL22, a circadian-regulated immune biomarker with pan-cancer prognostic value and therapeutic potential in prostate cancer.Oncology letters · 2025Article
- Construction of a novel radioresistance-related signature for prediction of prognosis, immune microenvironment and anti-tumour drug sensitivity in non-small cell lung cancer.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Role of signaling pathways in lung cancer development and advances in targeted therapies (Review).Oncology letters · 2025Review
- Targeting chemokine-driven metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer: Development and evaluation of chemokine nanosponges for therapy.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Abbreviated dynamic total-body [Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2025Article
- c-MET expression and immune landscape in locally advanced patients with non-small cell lung cancer undergoing radiochemotherapy and consolidative immunotherapy.Translational lung cancer research · 2025Article
- HMMR in human cancers: regulatory mechanism and biological function.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Cancer Immunotherapy in Combination with Radiotherapy and/or Chemotherapy: Mechanisms and Clinical Therapy.MedComm · 2025Review
- Mechanisms Underlying Radioresistance and Reversal Strategies in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The efficacy of immunotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unsatisfactory, as the majority of patients either do not experience an objective response or acquire secondary resistance. As a result, several methods to enhance the systemic efficacy of immunotherapy have been investigated, including a large area of active research by combining immunotherapy with radiation therapy (RT). Given the rapidly burgeoning concept of combining immunotherapy and RT for increasing therapeutic benefit, we review the progress in this field thus far and explore further avenues for enhancing this combination. This review commences with a discussion of the only two existing randomized trials (and a pooled analysis) showing that the addition of RT to immunotherapy improves the abscopal response rate, progression-free survival, and overall survival in metastatic NSCLC patients. We then discussed factors and biomarkers that may be associated with a proportionally greater benefit to additional RT, such as low programmed cell death protein ligand 1 (PD-L1) status, tumor mutational burden (TMB), and patient's immune function. Next, the implementation of RT to overcome immunotherapy resistance is discussed, including a mechanistic discussion and methods with which these mechanisms could be exploited. Lastly, the emerging role of low-dose RT is discussed, which may help to overcome inhibitory signals in the tumor stroma that limit T-cell infiltration. Taken together, given the current state of this rapidly expanding realm, these futuristic strategies may be reflected upon to further enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy for a wider group of patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.