ArticleBMC public health2021
Extended parallel process model (EPPM) in evaluating lung Cancer risk perception among older smokers.
Article in BMC public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Risk perception of non-communicable diseases: A systematic review on its assessment and associated factors.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- Perceived risk of developing lung cancer and its association with nicotine dependence and smoking behavior among adults who smoke in Golestan Province, Iran.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Article
- Perceived risk of cardiovascular diseases and its determinants in Hookah users in Southwest of Iran.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Cigarette smoking and perceived risk of cardiovascular disease in Iran.BMC public health · 2025Article
- An Integrated theoretical framework predicting COVID-19 vaccine behavioral intention among unvaccinated students: A lesson for health educators in future pandemics.Journal of education and health promotion · 2025Article
- Smoking Avoidance, Physical Activity and Diet as Preventative Behaviours for Lung, Prostate and Colorectal Cancer - A Comparison of the Extended Parallel Process Model Groups.International journal of public health · 2025Article
- Motivating Self-Care and Enhancing Treatment Adherence in Elderly Type 2 Diabetes: An Extended Parallel Process Model Intervention.Nursing research and practice · 2025Article
- Impact of community-led enhanced structured health education on youths' knowledge of alcohol's effects in Kiambu county, Kenya: a quasi-experimental study.The Pan African medical journal · 2025Article
- Socio-Clinical Correlations With Threat Perception and Self-Efficacy in People With Type 2 Diabetes.Diabetes spectrum : a publication of the American Diabetes Association · 2025Article
- Unrealistic risk perceptions of Iranian current cigarette smokers on developing lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Determining the perceived risk of lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) among hookah users in Iran.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2024Article
- Boil water notices as health-risk communication: risk perceptions, efficacy, and compliance during winter storm Uri.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Effects of immediate and distant health consequences: different types of health warning messages on sweets affect the purchase probability.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Risk perception and avoidance of preventive behavior on the COVID-19 among cancer patients.Health science reports · 2023Article
- Cardiovascular disease threat and perceived efficacy of selected preventive behaviors among Polish men: an analysis based on the extended parallel process model.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Risk Awareness and Impediments to Disaster Preparedness of Foreign Residents in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area, Japan.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
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3 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThere is a lack of scientific literature on the application of fear appeals theories to evaluate lung cancer risk perception among smokers. The aim of the present study is to apply the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM) to discover the perception of the smokers about their lifetime risk of developing lung cancer (perceived susceptibility), their perception of lung cancer survival (perceived severity), response efficacy, self-efficacy, and readiness to quit.
methodsIn this cross-sectional study, 215 eligible smokers (aged 45 years and over who have smoked at least 1 pack per day in the last 5 years) were recruited. The data collection tool was designed using validate self-report questionnaires and it was contained items on the perceived risk of a smoker contracting lung cancer and perceived lung cancer survival rate. It also had questions to measure the main constructs of the EPPM and Readiness to quit ("Low_Readiness", and "High_Readiness"). To test how the data support conceptual EPPM to data, Generalized Structural Equation Modeling (GSEM) was used.
resultsFindings showed a significant relationship between Perceived_Susceptibility and Perceived_Response Efficacy; (B = 1.16, P < 0.001); between Perceived_Susceptibility and Perceived_Self Efficacy, (B = -0.93, P < 0.001), Perceived_Severity, and Perceived_Response Efficacy (B = 1.07, P < 0.001). There was also a significant relationship between Perceived_Threat and Perceived_Response Efficacy; between Perceived_Threat and Perceived_Self Efficacy. The relationship between High_Readiness and Perceived_Self Efficacy, and between High_Readiness and Perceived_Severity also were significant. However, the relationships between High_Readiness and Perceived_Threat were not significant (P > 0.05).
conclusionPerceived_threat and Perceived_efficacy were important for smokers with low readiness to quit, while Perceived_efficacy was most important for smokers with high readiness to quit. These findings could be used in promoting lung cancer awareness and designing smoking cessation programs based on smokers' stages of change.
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