SynthesisJournal of orthopaedic surgery and research2021
The global prevalence of osteoporosis in the world: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 573 papers, 15 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
573 citing papers in PubMed, 15 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 891 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of osteoporosis and low bone mass in men with prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026Pooled it
- Health and adverse events associated with extended oral bisphosphonates among postmenopausal women: a systematic review.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Pooled it
- The Anabolic-First Strategy in Osteoporosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Fracture Outcomes in Patients at Very High Fracture Risk.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Pooled it
- Comparison of the Efficacy of Denosumab and Alendronate in Improving Bone Mineral Density in Osteoporosis Patients and High-Risk Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Clinical drug investigation · 2026Pooled it
- Patient-specific risk factors for repair failure and poor functional outcome after rotator cuff repair - an umbrella review.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Pooled it
- Risk prediction models for postmenopausal osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis study.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Pooled it
- Performance of clinical prediction models for identifying postmenopausal osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Pooled it
- Protective effects and mechanisms of puerarin in ovariectomized animal models of osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Pooled it
- CircRNAs as biomarkers for osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- Comparative analysis of bone density measurement techniques: a systematic review of quantitative ultrasound and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The effects of exercise interventions on bone mineral density in middle-aged and older men: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Pooled it
- Risk factors for refracture or new vertebral compression fractures after percutaneous vertebroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2025Pooled it
- The effects of Cissus quadrangularis on bone-related biomarkers in humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2025Pooled it
- Prognostic indicators in medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2025Pooled it
- Levagen+ (palmitoylethanolamide) alleviates joint pain and reduces the impact of joint pain in canines and felines: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Trial
- Effectiveness of treatment initiation for secondary fracture prevention in the older population: Japanese Bone-fracture Osteoporosis in Late-stage population Database study (J-BOLD) - emulation of a randomized target trial.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2025Trial
- Fracture Risk Stratification by REMS: A 5 Years Prospective Longitudinal Multicentre Study.Calcified tissue international · 2026Observational
- Modern pharmacological management of Osteoporosis: from monotherapy to sequential and combination approaches in postmenopausal women.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2026Review
- Artificial Intelligence-Driven Precision Bisphosphonate Therapy in Osteoporosis: Mechanisms, Clinical Applications, Risks, and Future Directions.Orthopaedic surgery · 2026Review
513 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundOsteoporosis affects all sections of society, including families with people affected by osteoporosis, government agencies and medical institutes in various fields. For example, it involves the patient and his/her family members, and government agencies in terms of the cost of treatment and medical care. Providing a comprehensive picture of the prevalence of osteoporosis globally is important for health policymakers to make appropriate decisions. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of osteoporosis worldwide.
methodsA systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with the PRISMA criteria. The PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Scopus, Magiran, and Google Scholar databases were searched with no lower time limit up till 26 August 2020. The heterogeneity of the studies was measured using the I
resultsAfter following the systematic review processes, 86 studies were selected for meta-analysis. The sample size of the study was 103,334,579 people in the age range of 15-105 years. Using meta-analysis, the prevalence of osteoporosis in the world was reported to be 18.3 (95% CI 16.2-20.7). Based on 70 studies and sample size of 800,457 women, and heterogenicity I
conclusionAccording to the medical, economic, and social burden of osteoporosis, providing a robust and comprehensive estimate of the prevalence of osteoporosis in the world can facilitate decisions in health system planning and policymaking, including an overview of the current and outlook for the future; provide the necessary facilities for the treatment of people with osteoporosis; reduce the severe risks that lead to death by preventing fractures; and, finally, monitor the overall state of osteoporosis in the world. This study is the first to report a structured review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of osteoporosis worldwide.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.