ArticleEpilepsia open2021
Combination of antiseizure medications phenobarbital, ketamine, and midazolam reduces soman-induced epileptogenesis and brain pathology in rats.
Article in Epilepsia open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Brivaracetam in Combination with Midazolam and Ketamine Reduces Soman-Induced Seizure and Neurodegeneration in Rats.Neurology international · 2026Article
- Perampanel as a second-line therapy to midazolam reduces soman-induced status epilepticus and neurodegeneration in rats.Epilepsia open · 2025Article
- Cystamine reduces neurodegeneration and epileptogenesis following soman-induced status epilepticus in rats.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Hydrogen treatment reduces electroencephalographic activity and neuronal death in rats with refractory status epilepticus by inhibiting membrane NR2B phosphorylation and oxidative stress.The Journal of international medical research · 2024Article
- Evaluation of Midazolam-Ketamine-Allopregnanolone Combination Therapy against Cholinergic-Induced Status Epilepticus in Rats.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2024Article
- Prenatal test cohort of a modified rat comparative thyroid assay adding brain thyroid hormone measurements and histology but lowering group size appears able to detect disruption by sodium phenobarbital.Current research in toxicology · 2024Article
- Disease-modifying effects of a glial-targeted inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (1400W) in mixed-sex cohorts of a rat soman (GD) model of epilepsy.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2023Article
- Disease-Modifying Effects of a Glial-targeted Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitor (1400W) in Mixed-sex Cohorts of a Rat Soman (GD) Model of Epilepsy.Research square · 2023Article
- In the fast lane: Receptor trafficking during status epilepticus.Epilepsia open · 2023Review
- Treatment of cholinergic-induced status epilepticus with polytherapy targeting GABA and glutamate receptors.Epilepsia open · 2023Review
- The Roles of Glutamate Receptors and Their Antagonists in Status Epilepticus, Refractory Status Epilepticus, and Super-Refractory Status Epilepticus.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- A rapidFrontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2022Article
- Combination of antiseizure medications phenobarbital, ketamine, and midazolam reduces soman-induced epileptogenesis and brain pathology in rats.Epilepsia open · 2021Article
- Soman (GD) Rat Model to Mimic Civilian Exposure to Nerve Agent: Mortality, Video-EEG BasedFrontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveCholinergic-induced status epilepticus (SE) is associated with a loss of synaptic gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptors (GABA
methodsWe investigated the efficacy of combining antiseizure medications to include a benzodiazepine and a barbiturate allosteric GABA
resultsThe triple therapy combination of phenobarbital, midazolam, and ketamine administered at 40 minutes after seizure onset effectively prevented soman-induced epileptogenesis and reduced neurodegeneration. In addition, dual therapy with phenobarbital and midazolam or ketamine was more effective than monotherapy (midazolam or phenobarbital) in reducing cholinergic-induced toxicity. SIGNIFICANCE: Benzodiazepine efficacy is drastically reduced with time after seizure onset and inversely related to seizure duration. To overcome pharmacoresistance in severe benzodiazepine-refractory cholinergic-induced SE, simultaneous drug combination to include drugs that target both the loss of inhibition (eg, midazolam, phenobarbital) and the increased excitatory response (eg, ketamine) is more effective than benzodiazepine or barbiturate monotherapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.