ArticlePhotodermatology, photoimmunology & photomedicine2022
Bioactive substances in the stratum corneum of the epidermis found as indicators of skin damage due to sun exposure.
Article in Photodermatology, photoimmunology & photomedicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Barrier Function and Biophysical Effects of 0.104% and 0.247% Retinol Creams in Mature Facial Skin: A Prospective Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Trial
- The dual roles of T cells and keratinocytes in seborrheic dermatitis: a narrative review.European journal of medical research · 2025Review
- Current Insights into the Role of UV Radiation-Induced Oxidative Stress in Melanoma Pathogenesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Bioactive substances in the stratum corneum of the epidermis found as indicators of skin damage due to sun exposure.Photodermatology, photoimmunology & photomedicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
background/purposeAlthough an inflammatory response upon acute injury caused by ultraviolet radiation (UV) can be observed immediately, the influence of long-term, repetitive low-dose UV exposure on the skin cannot be precisely perceived, making early detection of chronic damage difficult. This study investigated bioactive substances in the stratum corneum as a potential early and sensitive indicator of the influence of sun exposure on the skin using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.
methodsReceiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to assess the responsiveness of cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α], BCL2-associated protein X (Bax), Toll-like receptor (TLR)3, and TLR4 in the stratum corneum of healthy people exposed (dorsum of the hand) and unexposed (inner arm) to UV. Sunscreen was applied to patients with photodermatosis for 4 weeks to evaluate changes in IL-1ra/IL-1α, TNF-α, Bax, and TLR3 levels after sunscreen application, as these molecules exhibited high responsiveness to sun exposure according to ROC analysis. In addition, IL-1ra, IL-1α, and IL-10 levels were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and TNF-α, Bax, TLR3, and TLR4 levels were semi-quantitatively assessed by immunocytochemistry.
resultsReceiver operating characteristic analysis identified IL-1ra/IL-1α, TNF-α, Bax, and TLR3 in the stratum corneum as highly responsive to sun exposure. Moreover, in participants, including patients with photodermatosis, IL-1ra/IL-1α, TNF-α, and Bax levels decreased significantly after sunscreen application.
conclusionThe results revealed that IL-1ra/IL-1α, TNF-α, and Bax in the stratum corneum represent sensitive indicators of the influence of sun exposure on the skin.
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