ArticleAdvances in immunology2021
Antibody dependent enhancement: Unavoidable problems in vaccine development.
Article in Advances in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dengue vaccine effectiveness and safety: a systematic analysis of recent clinical trial data.Virology journal · 2025Pooled it
- Nanoparticle vaccine formulations for dengue virus.RSC pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Antibody-dependent enhancement of SARS-CoV-2, the impact of variants and vaccination.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Heterologous immunity and antibody-dependent enhancement in respiratory virus infections.Molecular biology reports · 2025Review
- Beyond the Pandemic Era: Recent Advances and Efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines Against Emerging Variants of Concern.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Antibody-dependent enhancement of coronaviruses.International journal of biological sciences · 2025Review
- A Comprehensive Review of mRNA-based Vaccines for COVID-19, A New Era in Pharmaceuticals: Unspecified and Unknown Aspects, Effects and Challenges.Current topics in medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- TLR agonists as adjuvants for viral vaccines: mechanisms, applications, and future directions.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Efficacy of genotype-matched vaccine against re-emerging genotype V Japanese encephalitis virus.Emerging microbes & infections · 2024Article
- Prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine development: advancements and challenges.Molecular biomedicine · 2024Review
- Analysis of BeyfortusCurrent issues in molecular biology · 2024Review
- Recognition ofBiology · 2024Article
- Co-expression of VP2, NS1 and NS2-Nt proteins by an MVA viral vector induces complete protection against bluetongue virus.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Genomic similarity and antibody-dependent enhancement of immune serum potentially affect the protective efficacy of commercial MLV vaccines against NADC30-like PRRSV.Virologica Sinica · 2023Article
- Tracing down the Updates on Dengue Virus-Molecular Biology, Antivirals, and Vaccine Strategies.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Inactivated COVID-19 vaccines: potential concerns of antibody-dependent enhancement and original antigenic sin.Immunology letters · 2023Review
- Article
- Exosome-Based Multivalent Vaccine: Achieving Potent Immunization, Broadened Reactivity, and Strong T-Cell Responses with Nanograms of Proteins.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
- Increased Clinical Signs and Mortality in IFNARPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Vaccines for prion diseases: a realistic goal?Cell and tissue research · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In some cases, antibodies can enhance virus entry and replication in cells. This phenomenon is called antibody-dependent infection enhancement (ADE). ADE not only promotes the virus to be recognized by the target cell and enters the target cell, but also affects the signal transmission in the target cell. Early formalin-inactivated virus vaccines such as aluminum adjuvants (RSV and measles) have been shown to induce ADE. Although there is no direct evidence that there is ADE in COVID-19, this potential risk is a huge challenge for prevention and vaccine development. This article focuses on the virus-induced ADE phenomenon and its molecular mechanism. It also summarizes various attempts in vaccine research and development to eliminate the ADE phenomenon, and proposes to avoid ADE in vaccine development from the perspective of antigens and adjuvants.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.