ArticleBehavior therapy2021
Variability in the Functions of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury: Evidence From Three Real-Time Monitoring Studies.
Article in Behavior therapy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The Relationship Between Anger and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury: A Meta-Analysis.Suicide & life-threatening behavior · 2026Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Ecological Momentary Assessment Procedures of Self-Harm (With and Without Suicidal Intent) Studies in Adolescents and Young Adults.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Pooled it
- Motivations for Self-Harm in Young People and Their Correlates: A Systematic Review.Clinical child and family psychology review · 2025Pooled it
- Early Evaluation of IMAGINATOR 2.0 Intervention Targeting Self-Harm in Young People: Single-Arm Feasibility Trial.JMIR formative research · 2026Trial
- Development and Internal Validation of an Interpretable Machine Learning Model for Identifying Past-Year Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Among Adolescents With Depression: Retrospective Study.JMIR pediatrics and parenting · 2026Article
- Are Specific Components of Executive Function Associated with the Functions of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury? A Network Analysis of Chinese University Students with Past-Year NSSI.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Beyond distress relief: the Anhedonic Subtype of nonsuicidal self-injury and the imperative for Positive Affect Treatment.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- A Descriptive Study of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Characteristics Among Veterans Meeting Diagnostic Criteria for Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Disorder.Suicide & life-threatening behavior · 2025Article
- Improving the Science of Adolescent Social Media and Mental Health: Challenges and Opportunities of Smartphone-Based Mobile Sensing and Digital Phenotyping.Journal of technology in behavioral science · 2025Article
- Similarities and differences in the functions of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) across gender non-conforming and cisgender young adults.Journal of affective disorders · 2024Article
- Public attitudes and knowledge about self-injury: A cross-sectional web-based survey of Japanese adults.PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2024Article
- Young Adults' Perceptions of 2 Publicly Available Digital Resources for Self-injury: Qualitative Study of a Peer Support App and Web-Based Factsheets.JMIR formative research · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Despite functional models of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) helping to explain why people engage in this perplexing behavior, we still lack an understanding of some of the key properties of NSSI functions. Here, we address three unanswered questions about NSSI functions: how much do distinct NSSI functions (1) vary between people over time, (2) vary within people over time, and (3) simultaneously co-occur over time? Data were drawn from three ecological momentary assessment (EMA) studies of self-injurious adult psychiatric outpatients (n = 7), community-based adolescents (n = 15), and community-based adults (n = 9). Across the three studies, there was a total of 271 NSSI episodes (all with corresponding functions captured by EMA). The vast majority (27 of 31; 87%) of participants exhibited unique patterns of NSSI functions during the monitoring periods, indicating high variability between people. The vast majority (26 of 31; 84%) of participants also showed changes in NSSI functions over time, indicating high variability within people. Although it was most common for only one function to be reported for a given NSSI episode, participants endorsed more than one function for 22% to 43% of NSSI episodes, indicating that different functions did simultaneously co-occur. These results underscore that reinforcement processes for NSSI differ from person-to-person, and are both time-varying and multifaceted, which has implications for personalized assessment and treatment of this clinical phenomenon.
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