Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34656168›Full record

ArticleDiabetology & metabolic syndrome2021

Association of diabetes and obesity with sperm parameters and testosterone levels: a meta-analysis.

Ou Zhong, Lin Ji, Jinyuan Wang, Xiaocan Lei, Hua Huang

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Diabetology & metabolic syndrome, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
29citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

29 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  6. New Insight Into Male Infertility: Deviation From Basic Tenets of Life.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2026
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  7. Effect of glabridin on sperm traits, testicular oxidative status, andVeterinary research forum : an international quarterly journal · 2026
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Ou ZhongClinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, China.
Lin JiReproductive Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, Nanning, China.
Jinyuan WangClinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, China.
Xiaocan LeiClinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, China.
Hua HuangReproductive Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, Nanning, China. hh86168263@163.com.

Funding

Family Planning Research Center Self-raised Project of Guang Xi Zhuang Autonomous Region 2019GXZJK02National Natural Science Fund of China 81860733Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province 2020JJ5500
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe present study performed two distinct meta-analyses with common outcomes (sperm parameters); one was performed in obese individuals (and non-obese controls) and the other in diabetic individuals (and non-diabetic controls).

methodsPubMed, Embase, The Cochrane library, Web of Science, Scopus databases were searched to collect clinical studies related to the effects of obesity and diabetes on male sperm from inception to on 1st February 2021. Statistical meta-analyses were performed using the RevMan 5.4 software. Stata16 software was used to detect publication bias. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed with the Ottawa-Newcastle scale using a star-based system.

resultsA total of 44 studies were finally included in the present study, which enrolled 20,367 obese patients and 1386 patients with diabetes. The meta-analysis results showed that both obesity and diabetes were associated with reduced semen volume (obese versus non-obese controls: mean difference (MD) = - 0.25, 95% CI = (- 0.33, - 0.16), p < 0.001; diabetes versus non-diabetic controls: MD = - 0.45, 95% CI = (- 0.63, - 0.27), p < 0.001), reduced sperm count (obese versus non-obese controls: MD = - 23.84, 95% CI = (- 30.36, - 17.33), p < 0.001; diabetes versus non-diabetic controls: MD = - 13.12, 95% CI = (- 18.43, - 7.82), p < 0.001), reduced sperm concentration (obese versus non-obese controls: MD = - 7.26, 95% CI = (- 10.07, - 4.46), p < 0.001; diabetes versus non-diabetic controls: MD = - 11.73, 95% CI = (- 21.44, - 2.01), p = 0.02), reduced progressive motility (obese versus non-obese controls: MD = - 5.68, 95% CI = (- 8.79, - 2.56), p < 0.001; diabetes versus non-diabetic controls: MD = - 14.37, 95% CI = (- 21.79, - 6.96), p = 0.001), and decreased testosterone levels (obese versus non-obese controls: MD = - 1.11, 95% CI = (- 1.92, - 0.30), p = 0.007; diabetes versus non-diabetic controls: MD = - 0.37, 95% CI = (- 0.63, - 0.12), p = 0.004).

conclusionsCurrent evidence suggests that obesity and diabetes negatively affect sperm parameters in men and are associated with low testosterone levels. Due to the limitation of the number and quality of included studies, the above conclusions need to be verified by more high-quality studies.

Indexed as

DiabetesMeta-analysisObesitySemenSpermTestosterone levels

Identifiers

PMID34656168
PMCPMC8520257

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.