ArticleThe American journal of medicine2022
STI/HIV Testing and Prevalence of Gonorrhea and Chlamydia Among Persons with Their Specified-Type Sex Partner.
Article in The American journal of medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI)/HIV Testing, STIs, and HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Use Among Men Who Have Sex With Men and Men Who Have Sex With Men and Women in the United States, 2019-2022.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Article
- High Volume and High Positivity of Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Tests by Anatomic Site From a Large National Laboratory in the United States, 2019 to 2023.Sexually transmitted diseases · 2025Article
- Prevalence and Factors Associated with HIV Testing Among Men Aged 15-54 Years in Kenya-Evidence from the 2022 Demographic and Health Survey.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Examining the Prevalence and Associated Factors of Sexually Transmitted Infections in People Living With HIV/AIDS at a Community Health Center in Bandung City, Indonesia.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPrevious studies have shown that sexually transmitted infections (STI) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing has varied, but STI prevalence was not estimated among patients during their health care visits in which a high-risk sexual partnership was documented. This study estimated gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, and HIV testing rates and chlamydia and gonorrhea prevalence.
methodsFrom the de-identified commercial claims data of OptumLabs Data Warehouse, we identified men and women aged 15-60 years classified as having high-risk sexual relationships as diagnosis codes: Z72.51 for opposite-sex, Z72.52 for same-sex, and Z72.53 for same-and-opposite-sex relationships, stratified by gender, age group, region, type of health plan, and HIV status. We estimated STI testing rate and prevalence for chlamydia and gonorrhea among patients with high-risk sexual relationships. HIV testing was assessed only in high-risk sexual relationship patients without HIV.
resultsAmong 8.2 million females and 7.3 million males aged 15-60 years in the database from 2016 to 2019, 115,884 patients (0.7% of female, 0.8% of male) including 3,535 patients with HIV were diagnosed with high-risk sexual relationships. The testing rates for gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, and HIV were 69.4% (confidence interval [CI]: 69.1-69.7), 68.9% (CI: 68.6-69.2), 43.4% (CI: 43.1-43.7), and 41.7% (CI: 41.4-42.0), respectively. Among patients with valid chlamydia and gonorrhea tests, 7.2% (CI: 7.0-7.5) and 2.6% (CI: 2.4-2.8) had positive chlamydia and gonorrhea test results, respectively, and varied by type of high-risk sexual relationship.
conclusionsOur study findings of suboptimal STI screening among patient in high-risk sexual relationships are consistent with previous studies. Administrative records confirmed by lab results indicate a need for STI counseling, testing, and treatment among patients who are diagnosed with high-risk sexual relationships with same-sex, opposite-sex, or same-and-opposite sex partners.
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