Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34655002›Full record

ArticleClinical rheumatology2022

Metabolic syndrome and its effect on the outcomes of rheumatoid arthritis in a multi-ethnic cohort in Singapore.

Jia Yi Hee, Melinda M Protani, Ee Tzun Koh, Khai Pang Leong, Tan Tock Seng Hospital Rheumatoid Arthritis Study Group

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Clinical rheumatology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
0.6field-weighted citation impact, top 31% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 5 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Jia Yi HeeSchool of Public Health, The University of Queensland, 288 Herston Road, Brisbane, Queensland, 4006, Australia. J.hee@uqconnect.edu.au.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5863-4458
Melinda M ProtaniSchool of Public Health, The University of Queensland, 288 Herston Road, Brisbane, Queensland, 4006, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6452-7571
Ee Tzun KohDepartment of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433, Singapore.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0329-4257
Khai Pang LeongDepartment of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433, Singapore.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4060-5525
Tan Tock Seng Hospital Rheumatoid Arthritis Study Group
Tan Tock Seng Hospital · SGThe University of Queensland · AUQueensland University of Technology · AU

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionOver-expression of common inflammatory mediators in the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may lead to mutually adverse outcomes.

aimWe investigate the prevalence of MetS in a multi-ethnic population of RA patients and its effect on clinical and patient-reported outcomes.

methodSix hundred sixty RA (561 women) patients from a public-sector specialist clinic in a hospital in Singapore were assessed for MetS according to the 2009 Joint Consensus (JC) and the 2004 National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) definitions. Univariable and multivariable regression modelling were used to investigate the associations between patients' demographics with MetS and MetS with RA outcomes.

resultsThe prevalence of MetS in our RA cohort was 49.4% and 44.9% according to the JC and NCEP ATP III definitions, respectively. The diagnosis of MetS was largely due to hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension, and obesity. MetS was associated with older age (OR 1.06 [95% CI 1.04-1.08]), Malay ethnicity (OR 1.78 [95% CI 1.02-3.09]), or Indian ethnicity (OR 3.07 [95% CI 1.68-5.59]). No significant associations between MetS and RA outcomes were observed. RA patients with MetS are more likely to suffer from stroke and ischemic heart disease.

conclusionThe prevalence of MetS in RA patients in Singapore was almost double that in the general population. MetS does not adversely affect RA outcomes but raises the risks of stroke and heart disease. RA patients, especially those older and of Indian and Malay ethnicities, should be routinely screened for MetS. Any MetS-defining condition should be actively controlled. Key Points • Approximately half of the RA sample from the Singapore RA population can be diagnosed with MetS. • Older patients, and patients of Malay and Indian ethnicities have higher odds of MetS. • MetS does not adversely affect RA outcomes but raises the risks of stroke and heart disease.

Indexed as

Arthritis, RheumatoidMetabolic SyndromeAdultCross-Sectional StudiesEthnicityFemaleHumansPrevalenceRisk FactorsSingaporeDisease outcomesMetabolic syndromeMulti-ethnicRheumatoid arthritisSingapore

Identifiers

PMID34655002
OpenAlexW3205340194

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.