ArticleBMJ open2021
Causal impact of social care, public health and healthcare expenditure on mortality in England: cross-sectional evidence for 2013/2014.
Article in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- How much of the stalled mortality trends in Scotland and England can be attributed to obesity?BMJ open · 2022Pooled it
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- The association between public health unit funding and vegetable and fruit intake in Ontario: A multilevel analysis of the 2013-2014 Canadian Community Health Survey.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2026Article
- Variability in Post-Discharge Mortality Rates and Predictors over Time: Data from a Five-Year Ward-Wide Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- A new era of inequality: profound changes to mortality in England, Scotland, and 10 major British cities.European journal of public health · 2025Article
- Unpacking the care-related quality of life effect of England's publicly funded adult social care. A panel data analysis.Health economics · 2025Article
- Mortality due to heatstroke and exposure to cold: Evidence from India.Temperature (Austin, Tex.) · 2025Article
- When midwife continuity of carer is the policy proposal, what is the problem of perinatal health inequalities represented to be?SN social sciences · 2025Review
- 'Two sides of the same coin'? A longitudinal analysis evaluating whether financial austerity accelerated NHS privatisation in England 2013-2020.BMJ public health · 2024Article
- Sustainability in Internal Medicine: A Year-Long Ward-Wide Observational Study.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Article
- Explainable artificial intelligence models for predicting risk of suicide using health administrative data in Quebec.PloS one · 2024Article
- Social security cuts and life expectancy: a longitudinal analysis of local authorities in England, Scotland and Wales.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2023Article
- Bearing the burden of austerity: how do changing mortality rates in the UK compare between men and women?Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThe first objective is to estimate the joint impact of social care, public health and healthcare expenditure on mortality in England. The second objective is to use these results to estimate the impact of spending constraints in 2010/2011-2014/2015 on total mortality.
methodsThe impact of social care, healthcare and public health expenditure on mortality is analysed by applying the two-stage least squares method to local authority data for 2013/2014. Next, we compare the growth in healthcare and social care expenditure pre-2010 and post-2010. We use the difference between these growth rates and the responsiveness of mortality to changes in expenditure taken from the 2013/2014 cross-sectional analysis to estimate the additional mortality generated by post-2010 spending constraints.
resultsOur most conservative results suggest that (1) a 1% increase in healthcare expenditure reduces mortality by 0.532%; (2) a 1% increase in social care expenditure reduces mortality by 0.336%; and (3) a 1% increase in local public health spending reduces mortality by 0.019%. Using the first two of these elasticities and data on the change in spending growth between 2001/2002-2009/2010 and 2010/2011-2014/2015, we find that there were 57 550 (CI 3075 to 111 955) more deaths in the latter period than would have been observed had spending growth during this period matched that in 2001/2002-2009/2010.
conclusionsAll three forms of public healthcare-related expenditure save lives and there is evidence that additional social care expenditure is more than twice as productive as additional healthcare expenditure. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that the slowdown in the rate of improvement in life expectancy in England and Wales since 2010 is attributable to spending constraints in the healthcare and social care sectors.
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