ArticleBMC cancer2021
Cerebrospinal fluid cytokine levels are associated with macrophage infiltration into tumor tissues of glioma patients.
Article in BMC cancer, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Leptomeningeal fibroblasts promote glioblastoma progression by regulating cerebrospinal fluid dynamics.Nature communications · 2026Article
- The Extracellular Matrix, the Silent 'Architect' of Glioma.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Tumor-associated M2 macrophages shape the cerebrospinal fluid immunoprofile, and the soluble CD163/type I interferon ratio correlates with prognosis in high grade glioma.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2025Article
- Magnetic resonance imaging-based radiomics for predicting infiltration levels of CD68+ tumor-associated macrophages in glioblastomas.Strahlentherapie und Onkologie : Organ der Deutschen Rontgengesellschaft ... [et al] · 2025Article
- The Evidence That Brain Cancers Could Be Effectively Treated with In-Home Radiofrequency Waves.Cancers · 2025Article
- A hitchhiker's guide to cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for neuro-oncology.Neuro-oncology · 2025Review
- Bulk and single-cell transcriptome revealed the metabolic heterogeneity in human glioma.Heliyon · 2025Article
- Association of preoperative seizures with reduced expression of soluble CD163, an M2 macrophage marker, in the cerebrospinal fluid in isocitrate dehydrogenase wild-type glioblastoma.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2025Article
- Intracranial administration of anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 immune checkpoint-blocking monoclonal antibodies in patients with recurrent high-grade glioma.Neuro-oncology · 2024Article
- Correlation of tumor-associated macrophage infiltration in glioblastoma with magnetic resonance imaging characteristics: a retrospective cross-sectional study.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2023Article
- Lighter sleep is associated with higher enlarged perivascular spaces burden in middle-aged and elderly individuals.Sleep medicine · 2022Article
- Enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of nanoparticles for cancer treatment using versatile targeted strategies.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2022Review
- Cytokine Landscape in Central Nervous System Metastases.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Global Characterization of Metabolic Genes Regulating Survival and Immune Infiltration in Osteosarcoma.Frontiers in genetics · 2021Article
- The immune landscape of cerebrospinal fluid across brain malignancies.Neuro-oncology advancesReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDiffuse gliomas are the most common malignant tumors of the central nervous system with poor treatment efficacy. Infiltration of immune cells into tumors during immunosurveillance is observed in multiple tumor entities and often associated with a favorable outcome. The aim of this study was to evaluate the infiltration of immune cells in gliomas and their association with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytokine concentrations.
methodsWe applied immunohistochemistry in tumor tissue sections of 18 high-grade glioma (HGG) patients (4 anaplastic astrocytoma, IDH-wildtype WHO-III; 14 glioblastomas (GBM), IDH-wildtype WHO-IV) in order to assess and quantify leucocytes (CD45) and macrophages (CD68, CD163) within the tumor core, infiltration zone and perivascular spaces. In addition, we quantified the concentrations of 30 cytokines in the same patients' CSF and in 14 non-inflammatory controls.
resultsWe observed a significantly higher percentage of CD68
conclusionsOur findings suggest that the infiltration of lymphocytes is generally low in HGG, and does not correlate with cytokine concentrations in the CSF. In contrast, macrophage infiltrates in HGG are associated with CSF cytokine changes that possibly shape the tumor microenvironment. Although results point towards an escape from immunosurveillance or even exploitation of immune cells by HGG, further studies are necessary to decipher the exact role of the immune system in these tumors.
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