ArticleExperimental neurology2022
Exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells promote remyelination and reduce neuroinflammation in the demyelinating central nervous system.
Article in Experimental neurology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 109 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
109 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 177 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neuro-Behavioral Improvement and Mechanistic Pathways of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Exosomes in Experimental Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2026Pooled it
- Mesenchymal stromal cell extracellular vesicles for multiple sclerosis in preclinical rodent models: A meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Article
- Stem Cell-Based Therapies for Central Nervous System Demyelinating Diseases: Clinical Evidence, Therapeutic Niches, and Translational Boundaries.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2026Review
- Exosomes in Alzheimer's Disease: From Pathological Mechanisms to Biomarker Potential and Therapeutic Applications.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Review
- Dynamic Tuning of MSC-Based Scaffolds for Neurological Protection After Brain or CNS Injury.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Advancing MSC-EV Therapies: Harnessing Preconditioning and Mito-EVs to Tackle Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Acupuncture-driven exosomes: an emerging therapy.Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan · 2026Review
- Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell-Free Therapies: Challenges and Opportunities.Molecular biotechnology · 2026Review
- The Molecular Basis of Partial Reversal or Significant Slowing of ALS, Parkinson's Disease, and Lewy Body Dementia by Mesenchymal Exosomes/Secretome.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Mitochondrial-Immune Dysfunction in MS: Therapeutic Potential of EV-Mediated Transfer.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Mesenchymal stem cells and secretome as modulators of neuroinflammation in neurological disorders.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells therapy for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: a phase 1/2a trial.Cell death and differentiation · 2026Article
- Extracellular Vesicles in Autoimmune Diseases: From Diagnostic Biomarkers to Engineered Therapeutics.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Exosomes as mediators of repair and immunoregulation in multiple sclerosis: a new frontier in cell-free therapy.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- SIX2-Mediated Microglial M2 Polarization and Exosomal miR-3470b Delivery Protect Dopaminergic Neurons in Parkinson's Disease.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Extracellular vesicle-based therapeutic strategies for spinal tumors and associated nerve damage: advances, challenges, and future directions.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Engineered Source-Specific Extracellular Vesicles for Neurodegenerative Diseases: From Biological Barriers to Targeted Delivery Strategies.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Cell Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis: Clinical Advances, Limitations, and Future Perspectives from Clinical Studies-A Systematic Review.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
49 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Injury of oligodendrocytes (OLs) induces demyelination, and patients with neurodegenerative diseases exhibit demyelination concomitantly with neurological deficit and cognitive impairment. Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) are present in the adult central nervous system (CNS), and they can proliferate, differentiate, and remyelinate axons after damage. However, remyelination therapies are not in clinical use. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a major demyelinating disease in the CNS. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have demonstrated therapeutic promise in animal models and in clinical trials of MS. Exosomes are nanoparticles generated by nearly all cells and they mediate cell-cell communication by transferring cargo biomaterials. Here, we hypothesize that exosomes harvested from MSCs have a similar therapeutic effect on enhancement of remyelination as that of MSCs. In the present study we employed exosomes derived from rhesus monkey MSCs (MSC-Exo). Two mouse models of demyelination were employed: 1) experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS; and 2) cuprizone (CPZ) diet model, a toxic demyelination model. MSC-Exo or PBS were intravenously injected twice a week for 4 weeks, starting on day 10 post immunization in EAE mice, or once a week for 2 weeks starting on the day of CPZ diet withdrawal. Neurological and cognitive function were tested, OPC differentiation and remyelination, neuroinflammation and the potential underlying mechanisms were investigated using immunofluorescent staining, transmission electron microscopy and Western blot. Data generated from the EAE model revealed that MSC-Exo cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) and target neural cells. Compared with the controls (p < 0.05), treatment with MSC-Exo: 1) significantly improved neurological outcome; 2) significantly increased the numbers of newly generated OLs (BrdU
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.