ArticlePreventive medicine2021
Growing racial/ethnic disparities in overdose mortality before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in California.
Article in Preventive medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed.
- Higher drug overdose mortality among non-hispanic black adults aged 55 and older in the U.S.: Analysis of national death records from CDC's WONDER database (1999-2023).Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2026Article
- The Contribution of Homelessness to Opioid Overdose Mortality and Associated Racial Disparities.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2026Article
- A Comparative Analysis of Opioid Overdose Hospitalizations Pre- and Post-Pandemic: Insights from the National Inpatient Sample Database.Journal of community hospital internal medicine perspectives · 2026Article
- Extreme vulnerability to overdose mortality: Intersections of detailed race/ethnicity, educational attainment, age, sex, and nativity.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- How do restrictions on opioid prescribing, harm reduction, and treatment coverage policies relate to opioid overdose deaths in the United States in 2013-2020? An application of a new state opioid policy scale.The International journal on drug policy · 2025Article
- Invited commentary: motivating better methods-and better data collection-for measuring the prevalence of drug misuse.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Understanding the demographics of the opioid overdose death crisis.Journal of population economics · 2025Article
- Racial and sex disparities in inpatient outcomes of patients with opioid overdose: a nationwide analysis.Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center) · 2025Article
- Sex, Race, and Ethnicity as Intersectional Predictors of Outpatient Substance Use Disorder Treatment Attrition.Substance abuse and rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Race/ethnicity moderates the associations between lifetime psilocybin use and opioid use disorder.PloS one · 2025Article
- Addressing Racial and Ethnic Inequities in Opioid Overdose Mortality: Strategies for Equitable Interventions and Structural Change.Current psychiatry reports · 2024Review
- Racialized environments and syringe services program implementation: County-level factors.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2024Article
- Fentanyl harm reduction strategies among Latinx communities in the United States: a scoping review.Harm reduction journal · 2024Article
- Understanding and Addressing Widening Racial Inequalities in Drug Overdose.The American journal of psychiatry · 2024Review
- Drug overdose mortality rates by educational attainment and sex for adults aged 25-64 in the United States before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, 2015-2021.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2024Article
- Fentanyl Exposure and Detection Strategies Utilized by Clinical Trial Participants Seeking Linkage to Opioid Use Disorder Treatment at a Syringe Service Program.Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology · 2024Article
- Coping mechanisms during the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown in metropolitan Johannesburg, South Africa: A qualitative study.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2023Article
- Changes to opioid overdose deaths and community naloxone access among Black, Hispanic and White people from 2016 to 2021 with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic: An interrupted time-series analysis in Massachusetts, USA.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2023Article
- Longitudinal changes in co-involved drugs, comorbidities, and demographics of methamphetamine-related deaths in Los Angeles County.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2023Observational
- Interrupted Time Series Analysis: Patient Characteristics and Rates of Opioid-Use-Disorder-Related Emergency Department Visits in the Los Angeles County Public Hospital System during COVID-19.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
As overdose mortality is spiking during the COVID-19 pandemic, few race/ethnicity-stratified trends are available. This is of particular concern as overdose mortality was increasing most rapidly in Black and Latinx communities prior to the pandemic. We used quarterly, age-standardized overdose mortality rates from California to assess trends by race/ethnicity and drug involved over time. Rates from 2020 Q2-Q4 were compared to expected trends based on ARIMA forecasting models fit using data from 2006 to 2020 Q1. In 2020 Q2-Q4 overdose death rates rose by 49.8% from 2019, exceeding an expected increase of 11.5% (95%CI: 0.5%-22.5%). Rates significantly exceeded forecasted trends for all racial/ethnic groups. Black/African American individuals saw an increase of 52.4% from 2019, compared to 42.6% among their White counterparts. The absolute Black-White overdose mortality gap rose from 0.7 higher per 100,000 for Black individuals in 2018 to 4.8 in 2019, and further increased to 9.9 during the pandemic. Black overdose mortality in California was therefore 34.3% higher than that of White individuals in 2020 Q2-Q4. This reflects growing methamphetamine-, cocaine-, and fentanyl-involved deaths among Black communities. Growing racial disparities in overdose must be understood in the context of the unequal social and economic fallout from the COVID-19 pandemic, during which time Black communities have been subjected to the dual burden of disproportionate COVID-19 deaths and rising overdose mortality. Increased investments are required to ameliorate racial/ethnic disparities in substance use treatment, harm reduction, and the structural drivers of overdose, as part of the COVID-19 response and post-pandemic recovery efforts.
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