Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34652720›Full record

ArticleHigh blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension2021

The Burden of Cardio-Cerebrovascular Risk Factors: Differences Between Individual Risk and Population Risk.

Eduardo Capuano, Federica Marchese, Rocco Capuano, Noemi Piramide, Rosanna Palumbo, Vittoria Simonis, Anna Grazia Iannone, Stefania Pironti, Vincenzo Capuano

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Article in High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
0.6field-weighted citation impact, top 29% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Eduardo CapuanoDepartment of Cardiology and UTIC, "Gaetano Fucilo Hospital" Mercato S. Severino, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Salerno, Salerno, Italy.
Federica MarcheseCanopo Centro Studi, Salerno, Italy.
Rocco CapuanoDepartment of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
Noemi PiramideCanopo Centro Studi, Salerno, Italy.
Rosanna PalumboDepartment of Cardiology and UTIC, "Gaetano Fucilo Hospital" Mercato S. Severino, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Salerno, Salerno, Italy.
Vittoria SimonisCanopo Centro Studi, Salerno, Italy.
Anna Grazia IannoneCanopo Centro Studi, Salerno, Italy.
Stefania PirontiCanopo Centro Studi, Salerno, Italy.
Vincenzo CapuanoDepartment of Cardiology and UTIC, "Gaetano Fucilo Hospital" Mercato S. Severino, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Salerno, Salerno, Italy. capuanov@tiscali.it.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9421-981X
University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" · ITUniversity of Salerno · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionCardio-cerebrovascular (CCV) disease contributes significantly to the global burden of disease, with dramatic consequences in terms of mortality and general health. Mitigate CCV risk factors is the key to reduce individual and population risk of CCV events. Evidence-based medicine and epidemiological investigations of risk factors are essential to optimize actions.

aimTo contribute to the knowledge of the burden of risk factors in determining CCV events in the individual patient and in the community.

methodsClinical data and risk factors were collected through a longitudinal survey (1999) as part of a larger epidemiology and cardiovascular prevention project, namely the "VIP (Valle dell'Irno Prevention) Project". We assessed the incidence of major cardiovascular events (MACE) and for each risk factor we calculated: prevalence, absolute risk, odds ratio (OR), additional risk (AR) = risk of exposed to the risk factor - risk of non-exposed, population attributable risk (PAR) = additional risk * prevalence, population attributable risk fraction (PAF) = PAR/total incidence of the disease.

resultsComparing the MACE group with the non-MACE group, a statistically significant difference was found for the following: glomerular filtration rate (GFR), glucose and systolic blood pressure (SBP), BMI, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine and uric acid. GFR, glucose and SBP showed the highest OR. Age, creatinine, glycemia, SBP and uric acid were independent predictor of MACE. When calculating the PAF, the CCV risk factors with the greatest impact on MACE were: SBP (29.6%), triglyceridemia (19.4%) and metabolic syndrome (18.3%).

conclusionThe burden of risk factors on MACE changes substantially according to whether it is calculated in the single patient or in the population. It is crucial for physicians to take these differences into account when applying their own intervention to reduce CCV events.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesCerebrovascular DisordersHumansRisk FactorsBurden risk factorCardio-cerebrovascular preventionCardiovascular eventsVip Project

Identifiers

PMID34652720
OpenAlexW3206037165

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.