SynthesisClinical oral investigations2022
Effect and longevity of botulinum toxin in the treatment of gummy smile: a meta-analysis and meta-regression.
Synthesis in Clinical oral investigations, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Botulinum Toxin for Lip Inversion in Gummy Smile.Cureus · 2026Article
- Analysis of Lip Pressure and Quality of Life Following Gummy Smile Treatment.Journal of dental research, dental clinics, dental prospects · 2026Article
- A Novel Nonsurgical Smooth Thread Technique to Correct Gummy Smiles.Aesthetic surgery journal. Open forum · 2025Article
- Effectiveness and Personalized Approaches in the Correction of Gummy Smile: A Systematic Review of Orthodontic and Surgical Treatments.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Effectiveness of different intrusion modes of maxillary anterior teeth with mini-implants in clear aligner treatment: a three-dimensional finite element analysis.BMC oral health · 2024Article
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Comparing Surgical and Nonsurgical Treatments for Excessive Gingival Display.Dentistry journal · 2024Review
- An Approach for Gummy Smile Treatment Using Botulinum Toxin A: A Narrative Review of the Literature.Cureus · 2023Review
- Comparison of lip repositioning and lip repositioning with botulinum toxin application in gummy smile treatment.Journal of oral biology and craniofacial researchArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe aim of this systematic review is to synthesize the evidence on the effectiveness and longevity of the botulinum toxin in the treatment of individuals with excessive gingival exposure.
methodsThe search was adapted to six electronic databases and gray literature. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for Non-Randomized and Randomized Studies of Interventions. Meta-analyses and meta-regression were performed using random effects models.
resultsA total of 5247 articles were collected during the final search in the database, resulting in 17 articles included. There was a mean decrease of 3.42 mm [95% CI = -4.50 to -2.34; I
conclusionBotulinum toxin is an alternative technique considered effective for reducing gummy smile, especially for gummy smiles up to 4 mm, with a longevity of at least 12 weeks, returning close to initial values within 24 weeks after application. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The knowledge about the longevity and effectiveness of botulinum toxin in the treatment of gummy smile allows for a more adequate clinical planning for these cases, as well as for clinical decisions, as for prognostic factors.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.