ArticleEpilepsia open2021
Development and validation of the Epilepsy Self-Stigma Scale.
Article in Epilepsia open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Factors Limiting Access to Surgical Treatment of Focal Epilepsy in Kazakh Population.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Observational
- Stigma measurement in health: a systematic review.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Review
- Evaluating the impact of an AI-powered chatbot on epilepsy education and stigma reduction: A pre-post intervention study using EpiloBot.Epilepsia open · 2025Article
- Self-stigma among people with epilepsy: Comparison between Germany and Japan.Epilepsia open · 2025Article
- Longitudinal study of chronic stress effects on epilepsy prevalence.Bioinformation · 2025Article
- Development and validation of the Japanese version of the Public Attitudes Toward Epilepsy (PATE-J) Scale.PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2024Article
- A multicultural comparative study of self-stigma in epilepsy: Differences across four cultures.Epilepsia open · 2024Article
- Evaluation of self-stigma in patients with epilepsy: Validation of the self-stigma scale to Spanish (ESSS-S).Epilepsia open · 2024Article
- Development of a postoperative visual function rehabilitation compliance assessment scale for children with congenital cataract: a reliability and validity study.European journal of medical research · 2024Article
- Assessment of self-stigma in epilepsy: Validation of the German version Epilepsy Self-Stigma Scale (ESSS-G).Epilepsia open · 2023Article
- One-day psychosocial education program for people with epilepsy: A continuation study of the "Epi-school".Heliyon · 2023Article
- Non-Motor Symptoms and Quality of Life in Patients with PRRT2-Related Paroxysmal Kinesigenic Dyskinesia.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2023Article
- A study of factors influencing self-stigma in people with epilepsy: A nationwide online questionnaire survey in Japan.Epilepsia open · 2022Article
- Development and validation of the Epilepsy Self-Stigma Scale.Epilepsia open · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveSelf-stigma is the internalization of negative public attitudes and is often experienced by patients with epilepsy (PWE). Greater self-stigma is associated with lower self-esteem and hinders therapeutic behavior. The study aims were to develop the Epilepsy Self-Stigma Scale (ESSS) to assess self-stigma in PWE and to examine the scale's reliability and validity.
methodsWe created a test scale based on items from an existing stigma scale and the results of a previous qualitative analysis we conducted. We recruited 200 outpatients from departments specializing in epilepsy (psychiatry, neurology, and pediatric neurology) at four facilities in Tokyo and Saitama prefecture, Japan, between September and December 2020. Participants also completed the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II).
resultsQuestionnaires were returned from 102 participants (response rate: 51%). After excluding two participants with incomplete questionnaires, data for 100 participants were analyzed (53 women, 47 men; mean age [standard deviation]: 39.86 [17.45] years). Exploratory factor analysis extracted eight items loading on three factors: internalization of stigma, societal incomprehension, and confidentiality. Cronbach's α for all items and each factor demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (α = 0.76-0.87). Test-retest reliability was confirmed using data from 21 participants who completed the scale twice (r = 0.72 to 0.90). ESSS total scores and subscale scores correlated with RSES and BDI-II scores (r = -0.30 to 0.55). The ESSS demonstrated substantial constructive validity. However, total scores did not significantly correlate with objective physician assessment of self-stigma. SIGNIFICANCE: The results showed that the eight-item ESSS has high reliability and validity. This scale could facilitate the examination of factors associated with self-stigma in PWE, which could inform the development of effective interventions for reducing stigma.
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