Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34651457›Full record

ArticleBrain and behavior2021

Neuroanatomical differences in the memory systems of intellectual giftedness and typical development.

Taylor Kuhn, Robin Blades, Lev Gottlieb, Kendra Knudsen, Christopher Ashdown, Laurel Martin-Harris, Dara Ghahremani, Bianca H Dang, Robert M Bilder, Susan Y Bookheimer

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Brain and behavior, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Giftedness: A Critical Analysis of Theories and Identification Methods in Light of Contemporary Neuroscience.International journal of developmental neuroscience : the official journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Taylor KuhnDepartment ofPsychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, 635 Charles E Young Dr, South, Los Angeles, CA, 90025, USA.
Robin BladesDepartment ofPsychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, 635 Charles E Young Dr, South, Los Angeles, CA, 90025, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8700-5290
Lev GottliebDepartment ofPsychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, 635 Charles E Young Dr, South, Los Angeles, CA, 90025, USA.
Kendra KnudsenDepartment ofPsychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, 635 Charles E Young Dr, South, Los Angeles, CA, 90025, USA.
Christopher AshdownDepartment ofPsychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, 635 Charles E Young Dr, South, Los Angeles, CA, 90025, USA.
Laurel Martin-HarrisDepartment ofPsychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, 635 Charles E Young Dr, South, Los Angeles, CA, 90025, USA.
Dara GhahremaniDepartment ofPsychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, 635 Charles E Young Dr, South, Los Angeles, CA, 90025, USA.
Bianca H DangDepartment ofPsychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, 635 Charles E Young Dr, South, Los Angeles, CA, 90025, USA.
Robert M BilderDepartment ofPsychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, 635 Charles E Young Dr, South, Los Angeles, CA, 90025, USA.
Susan Y BookheimerDepartment ofPsychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, 635 Charles E Young Dr, South, Los Angeles, CA, 90025, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionStudying neuro-structural markers of intellectual giftedness (IG) will inform scientific understanding of the processes helping children excel academically.

methodsStructural and diffusion-weighted MRI was used to compare regional brain shape and connectivity of 12 children with average to high average IQ and 18 IG children, defined as having IQ greater than 145.

resultsIG had larger subcortical structures and more robust white matter microstructural organization between those structures in regions associated with explicit memory. TD had more connected, larger subcortical structures in regions associated with implicit memory.

conclusionsIt was found that the memory systems within brains of children with exceptional intellectual abilities are differently sized and connected compared to the brains of typically developing children. These different neurodevelopmental trajectories suggest different learning strategies. A spectrum of intelligence types is envisioned, facilitated by different ratios of implicit and explicit system, which was validated using a large external dataset.

Indexed as

CognitionIntelligenceBrainChildHumansIntelligence TestsMemoryconnectivityintellectual giftednesslearning strategiesmemory systemsneuroanatomy

Identifiers

PMID34651457
PMCPMC8613411

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.