ReviewExperimental and therapeutic medicine2021
Animal models of dry eye disease: Useful, varied and evolving (Review).
Review in Experimental and therapeutic medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of particulate matter and air pollution on ocular surface disease: A systematic review of preclinical and clinical evidence.The ocular surface · 2025Pooled it
- Topical Omega-3 Fatty Acids Eyedrops in the Treatment of Dry Eye and Ocular Surface Disease: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Lute-GenAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Integrated Evaluation of Corneal Damage, Goblet Cell Remodeling and Inflammatory Response in a Murine Model of Environmental Dry Eye Disease (DED).Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Research progress in animal models of dry eye disease: Types, mechanisms, and application prospects.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Refractive adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscope with fast 2D MEMS scanner.Biomedical optics express · 2026Article
- Modulation of corneal sensory processing and pain responses by dry eye and corneal wounding.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Article
- Lipid Composition and Thermotropic Properties of Meibum of Animal Models and Humans with Meibomian Gland Dysfunction.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Protective Effects ofJournal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Inhibition of Histone Methyltransferase G9a Activates Autophagy and Provides Protection in Dry Eye Disease.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Lipid composition determines thermotropic properties of meibum of animals and humans with Meibomian gland disorders.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Microstructural alterations of the trigeminal ganglion in chronic ocular surface pain patients: A diffusion MRI study.NeuroImage · 2025Article
- Injectable homologous platelet-rich plasma, alone or in combination with oral omega-3 supplementation, for treating keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs.Veterinary world · 2025Article
- Morphological aberration of corneal nerves in hyposecretory dry eye guinea pigs.Medical molecular morphology · 2025Article
- Corneal injury repair and the potential involvement of ZEB1.Eye and vision (London, England) · 2024Review
- Consumption ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Animal Models for Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency: A Critical Narrative Literature Review.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2024Review
- Article
- Animal Models in Eye Research: Focus on Corneal Pathologies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- A Comprehensive Assessment of Tear-Film-Oriented Diagnosis (TFOD) in a Dacryoadenectomy Dry Eye Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED), which is a prevalent disease that still lacks successful treatment options, remains a major challenge in ophthalmology. Multiple animal models of DED have been used to decipher its pathophysiology and to develop novel treatments. These models use mice, rats, rabbits, cats, dogs and non-human primates. Each model assesses aspects of DED by focusing on elements of the lacrimal functional unit, which controls the homeostasis of the tear film. The present review outlines representative DED animal models and assesses their contribution to the study of DED. Murine models are the most extensively used, followed by rabbit models; the latter offer the advantage of larger eyes, a favorable biochemical profile for drug studies, experimental ease and relatively low cost, contrasting with non-human primates, which, although closer to humans, are not as accessible and are expensive. No comprehensive 'ideal' animal model encompassing all aspects of human DED exists nor is it feasible. Investigators often choose an animal model based on their experimental needs and the following four features of a given model: The size of the eye, its biochemical composition, the available research reagents and cost. As research efforts in DED expand, more refined animal models are needed to supplement the enormous contribution made to date by existing models.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.