Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34649997›Full record

ArticleDiabetes care2021

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Combined Oral Contraceptives, and the Risk of Dysglycemia: A Population-Based Cohort Study With a Nested Pharmacoepidemiological Case-Control Study.

Balachandran Kumarendran, Michael W O'Reilly, Anuradhaa Subramanian, Dana Šumilo, Konstantinos Toulis, Krishna M Gokhale, Chandrika N Wijeratne, Arri Coomarasamy, Abd A Tahrani, Laurent Azoulay and 2 more

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetes care, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
2.9field-weighted citation impact, top 10% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Characterizing skeletal muscle dysfunction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.Therapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism · 2022
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 7 institutions in 4 countries.

Balachandran KumarendranInstitute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, U.K.
Michael W O'ReillyDepartment of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Republic of Ireland.ORCID 0000-0002-9108-9105
Anuradhaa SubramanianInstitute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, U.K.
Dana ŠumiloInstitute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, U.K.
Konstantinos ToulisInstitute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, U.K.
Krishna M GokhaleInstitute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, U.K.
Chandrika N WijeratneDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
Arri CoomarasamyInstitute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K.
Abd A TahraniInstitute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K.
Laurent AzoulayDepartment of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health and Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Toronto, Canada.ORCID 0000-0001-5162-3556
Wiebke ArltInstitute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K. w.arlt@bham.ac.uk k.nirantharan@bham.ac.uk.
Krishnarajah NirantharakumarInstitute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, U.K. w.arlt@bham.ac.uk k.nirantharan@bham.ac.uk.ORCID 0000-0002-6816-1279
The Edgbaston Hospital · GBUniversity of Birmingham · GBMcGill University · CANIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre · GBRoyal College of Surgeons in Ireland · IEUniversity of Colombo · LKUniversity of Jaffna · LK

Funding

Department of Health BRC-1215-20009Medical Research Council MR/S003878/1Wellcome Trust WT209492/Z/17/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveIrregular menstrual cycles are associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by androgen excess and irregular menses; androgens are drivers of increased metabolic risk in women with PCOS. Combined oral contraceptive pills (COCPs) are used in PCOS both for cycle regulation and to reduce the biologically active androgen fraction. We examined COCP use and risk of dysglycemia (prediabetes and type 2 diabetes) in women with PCOS. RESEARCH DESIGN AND

methodsUsing a large U.K. primary care database (The Health Improvement Network [THIN]; 3.7 million patients from 787 practices), we carried out a retrospective population-based cohort study to determine dysglycemia risk (64,051 women with PCOS and 123,545 matched control subjects), as well as a nested pharmacoepidemiological case-control study to investigate COCP use in relation to dysglycemia risk (2,407 women with PCOS with [case subjects] and without [control subjects] a diagnosis of dysglycemia during follow-up). Cox models were used to estimate the unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratio, and conditional logistic regression was used to obtain adjusted odds ratios (aORs).

resultsThe adjusted hazard ratio for dysglycemia in women with PCOS was 1.87 (95% CI 1.78-1.97,

conclusionsIn this study, limited by its retrospective nature and the use of routinely collected electronic general practice record data, which does not allow for exclusion of the impact of prescription-by-indication bias, women with PCOS exposed to COCPs had a reduced risk of dysglycemia across all BMI subgroups. Future prospective studies should be considered for further understanding of these observations and potential causality.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Polycystic Ovary SyndromeCase-Control StudiesCohort StudiesContraceptives, Oral, CombinedFemaleHumansProspective StudiesRetrospective StudiesContraceptives, Oral, Combined

Identifiers

PMID34649997
PMCPMC8669537
OpenAlexW3206391187

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.