ArticleBMJ open2021
Effectiveness of hygiene kit distribution to reduce cholera transmission in Kasaï-Oriental, Democratic Republic of Congo, 2018: a prospective cohort study.
Article in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of a Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Program on Diarrhea, Cholera, and Child Growth in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial of the Preventative Intervention for Cholera for 7 Days (PICHA7 WASHmobile) Mobile Health Program.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Trial
- Effect of a Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Program on Handwashing with a Cleansing Agent among Diarrhea Patients and Attendants in Healthcare Facilities in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: A Randomized Pilot of the PICHA7 Program.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Trial
- Randomized Controlled Trial of the Cholera-Hospital-Based-Intervention-for-7-Days (CHoBI7) Cholera Rapid Response Program to Reduce Diarrheal Diseases in Bangladesh.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- Process evaluation for the delivery of a water, sanitation, and hygiene mobile health program: randomized controlled trial of the WASHmobile PICHA7 program.Tropical medicine and health · 2026Article
- A simulation-based policy analysis of anticipatory action for cholera outbreaks, Democratic Republic of the Congo.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2025Article
- Optimizing the implementation of case-area targeted interventions during cholera outbreaks with context-specific delivery mechanisms.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Review
- Article
- Formative Research for Adapting the Cholera-Hospital-Based-Intervention-for-7-Days (CHoBI7) Water Treatment and Hygiene Mobile Health Program for Scalable Delivery in Rural Bangladesh.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Case-area targeted interventions and free chlorine residual in household drinking water: An observational cohort study during a cholera outbreak in Northeast Nigeria.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Observational
- A Quantitative and Qualitative Program Evaluation of a Case-Area Targeted Intervention to Reduce Cholera in Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Potential threats of cholera amidst COVID pandemic in the Democratic Republic of Congo; bridging the gaps: a review.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2023Article
- Formative Research for the Development of Evidence-Based Targeted Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Interventions to Reduce Cholera in Hotspots in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Preventative Intervention for Cholera for 7 Days (PICHA7) Program.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionHousehold contacts of cholera cases are at a greater risk of
methodsTo investigate the effectiveness of the intervention and risk factors for cholera infection, we conducted a prospective cohort study and followed household contacts for 7 days after patient admission. Clinical surveillance among household contacts was based on self-reported symptoms of cholera and diarrhoea, and environmental surveillance through the collection and analysis of food and water samples.
resultsFrom 94 eligible households, 469 household contacts were enrolled and 444 completed follow-up. Multivariate analysis suggested evidence of a dose-response relationship with increased kit use associated with decreased relative risk of suspected cholera: household contacts in the high kit-use group had a 66% lower incidence of suspected cholera (adjusted risk ratio (aRR) 0.34, 95% CI 0.11 to 1.03, p=0.055), the mid-use group had a 53% lower incidence (aRR 0.47, 95% CI 0.17 to 1.29, p=1.44) and low-use group had 22% lower incidence (aRR 0.78, 95% CI 0.24 to 2.53, p=0.684), compared with household contacts without a kit. Drinking water contamination was significantly reduced among households in receipt of a kit. There was no significant effect on self-reported diarrhoea or food contamination.
conclusionThe integration of a hygiene kit intervention to case-households may be effective in reducing cholera transmission among household contacts and environmental contamination within the household. Further work is required to evaluate whether other proactive localised distribution among patients and case-households or to households surrounding cholera cases can be used in future cholera response programmes in emergency contexts.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.