ArticleBMC infectious diseases2021
Gender minority stress and access to health care services among transgender women and transfeminine people: results from a cross-sectional study in China.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Laser hair removal to antiretrovirals: findings from a person-centred care model for transgender people in India.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2025Article
- What a boy wants: Transgender men's hidden tran/scripts about the nonprescription use of gender-affirming hormones in mainland China.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2025Article
- A scoping review examining measurement of anti-transgender stigma in low- and middle-income countries.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Gender-Affirming Surgery in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Article
- Gender Identity Disclosure and Healthcare Services Uptake Among Chinese Transgender Individuals in China: Results from a Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of sexual health : official journal of the World Association for Sexual Health · 2024Article
- HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis and incidence of sexually transmitted infections in Brazil, 2018 to 2022: An ecological study of PrEP administration, syphilis, and socioeconomic indicators.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Disparities in HIV Testing, Condom Use, and HIV Education Between Transgender and Not Transgender High School-Aged Youth: Findings From the 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey.Health education & behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education · 2023Article
- Military Family Physicians' Readiness to Provide Gender-Affirming Care: A Serial Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of primary care & community healthArticle
- HIV-Related Stigma, Sexual Identity, and Depressive Symptoms Among MSM Living With HIV in China: A Moderated Mediation Modeling Analysis.American journal of men's healthArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTransgender and gender diverse individuals often face structural barriers to health care because of their gender minority status. The aim of this study was to examine the association between gender minority stress and access to specific health care services among transgender women and transfeminine people in China.
methodsThis multicenter cross-sectional study recruited participants between January 1st and June 30th 2020. Eligible participants were 18 years or older, assigned male at birth, not currently identifying as male, and living in China. Gender minority stress was measured using 45 items adapted from validated subscales. We examined access to health care services and interventions relevant to transgender and gender diverse people, including gender affirming interventions (hormones, surgeries), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) testing, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). Multivariable regression was used to measure correlations between gender minority stress and access to health care service.
resultsThree hundred and twenty-four people completed a survey and data from 277 (85.5%) people were analyzed. The mean age was 29 years old (standard deviation [SD] = 8). Participants used hormones (118/277, 42.6%), gender affirming surgery (26/277, 9.4%), HIV testing (220/277, 79.4%), STI testing (132/277, 47.7%), PrEP (24/276, 8.7%), and PEP (29/267, 10.9%). Using gender affirming hormones was associated with higher levels of discrimination (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.17-1.70) and internalized transphobia (aOR 1.06, 95%CI 1.00-1.12). STI testing was associated with lower levels of internalized transphobia (aOR 0.91, 95%CI 0.84-0.98).
conclusionsOur data suggest that gender minority stress is closely related to using health services. Stigma reduction interventions and gender-affirming medical support are needed to improve transgender health.
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