ArticleEndocrine2022
Insulin-related lipohypertrophy: ultrasound characteristics, risk factors, and impact of glucose fluctuations.
Article in Endocrine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of insulin injection-induced lipohypertrophy detected by ultrasound: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- Relationship between acute glucose variability and cognitive decline in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- Lipodystrophy and associated factors among patients with diabetes receiving insulin therapy: a multicenter study in Ethiopia.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Efficacy of Appropriate Techniques of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Physical Therapy in Patients With Insulin-Associated Lipohypertrophy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of endocrinology · 2026Article
- Development of a diagnostic model of insulin-related lipohypertrophy for patients with diabetes mellitus.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2025Article
- The Distinct Ultrasound Characteristics and Prognostic Features of Insulin-Induced Lipohypertrophy: A Systematic Review.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2025Review
- Assessing Barriers and Adherence to Insulin Injection Technique in People With Diabetes: Development and Validation of New Assessment Tools.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2024Article
- A Hypothesis on the Progression of Insulin-Induced Lipohypertrophy: An Integrated Result of High-Frequency Ultrasound Imaging and Blood Glucose Control of Patients.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Gender Differences in Prevalence and Clinical Correlates of Lipohypertrophy in Insulin-Exposed Patients with Diabetes Mellitus.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLipohypertrophy (LHT) has been suggested as an outcome of the adipogenic effects of insulin injection-related tissue trauma. It commonly occurs in the clinical setting, but the current understanding of LHT by the medical staff and diabetes patients remains insufficient; moreover, it has not garnered attention as a research topic.
objectiveTo investigate the ultrasound characterization of LHT, to identify the factors associated with LHT development by assessing the prevalence of LHT and compare the accuracy of clinical palpation with that of ultrasonography in LHT detection, and to further evaluate the possible impact of LHT on patients' blood glucose fluctuations.
methodA cross-sectional study was conducted in 120 patients with type 2 diabetes. Patients' general information were obtained using a questionnaire, and the patients were evaluated for LHT by ultrasonography and clinical palpation of the abdomen. The patients were instructed to inject equal amounts of insulin in tissues with LHT and in normal adipose tissues (NATs) in two non-consecutive d in a selected week; the possible effect of LHT on patients' blood glucose fluctuations was assessed using a continuous glucose monitoring system.
resultsLHT has characteristic ultrasonic signs. We found a high rate of missed LHT detection on clinical palpation compared with that on ultrasonography (P < 0.05). The duration of insulin treatment, rotation of injection sites, frequency of needle reuse, and number of insulin injections per day were the primary factors influencing the development of LHT (P < 0.05). Compared with NATs, LHT tissues showed extremely elevated amplitude of glycemic excursion, mean blood glucose levels, standard deviation of blood glucose levels and postprandial glucose excursion, and large fluctuations in blood glucose levels (P < 0.05).
conclusionUltrasonography can more accurately detect LHT than can clinical palpation. LHT development is associated with several factors and can lead to significant fluctuations in blood glucose levels; thus, sufficient attention should be paid to investigating the underlying mechanism of LHT.
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