Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34648102›Full record

ArticleResearch on child and adolescent psychopathology2022

Interactive Virtual Reality versus Vignette-Based Assessment of Children's Aggressive Social Information Processing.

Rogier E J Verhoef, Esmée E Verhulp, Anouk van Dijk, Bram O de Castro

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Research on child and adolescent psychopathology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Virtual Triggers Real Reactions - Using VR To Assess Youth Violence.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2025
    Article
  3. Virtual Reality as a Window into Sibling Aggression.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2025
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Rogier E J VerhoefDepartment of Developmental Psychology, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 1, 3508 TC, Utrecht, The Netherlands. R.E.J.Verhoef@uu.nl.ORCID 0000-0002-0876-1926
Esmée E VerhulpDepartment of Developmental Psychology, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 1, 3508 TC, Utrecht, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-5048-3480
Anouk van DijkDepartment of Developmental Psychology, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 1, 3508 TC, Utrecht, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-6186-0181
Bram O de CastroDepartment of Developmental Psychology, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 1, 3508 TC, Utrecht, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0001-5110-6153

Funding

EPA EP-C-15-004
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study examined whether interactive Virtual Reality (VR) provides a more ecologically valid assessment of children's aggressive social information processing (SIP) and aggressive responses than a standard vignette-based assessment. We developed a virtual classroom where children could meet and play games with virtual peers. Participants were boys (N = 184; ages 7-13) from regular education and special education for children with disruptive behavior problems. They reported on their SIP in four scenarios (i.e., two instrumental gain and two provocation scenarios) presented through both interactive VR and vignettes. Teachers reported on children's real-life aggressive behavior and reactive and proactive motives for aggression. Results demonstrated that children found the interactive VR assessment more emotionally engaging and immersive than the vignette-based assessment. Moreover, compared to vignettes, the interactive VR assessment evoked higher levels of aggressive SIP and responses in provocation scenarios only. Results supported the enhanced predictive validity of the interactive VR assessment of children's aggressive SIP and responses, which predicted children's real-life aggression above and beyond the vignette-based assessment with 2 to 12% additional explained variance. Similar results were found for children's real-life reactive and proactive motives for aggression, with 3 to 12% additional variance explained by interactive VR above and beyond vignettes. Interactive VR did not, however, evoke larger individual differences (i.e., variances) in children's aggressive SIP and responses than vignettes. Together, these findings suggest that interactive VR provides a more ecologically valid method to assess children's aggressive SIP and responses than hypothetical vignettes.

Indexed as

Problem BehaviorVirtual RealityAdolescentAggressionChildCognitionFemaleHumansMalePeer GroupAggressionChildrenReactive and proactive motivesSocial information processingVirtual Reality

Identifiers

PMID34648102
PMCPMC9054903

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.