ArticleThe Journal of nutrition2022
Anemia Etiology in Ethiopia: Assessment of Nutritional, Infectious Disease, and Other Risk Factors in a Population-Based Cross-Sectional Survey of Women, Men, and Children.
Article in The Journal of nutrition, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- The global prevalence of anemia in patients with anorexia nervosa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC psychology · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence and Determinants of Stunting-Anemia and Wasting-Anemia Comorbidities and Micronutrient Deficiencies in Children Under 5 in the Least-Developed Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Nutrition reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Vitamins formed by microorganisms in fermented foods: effects on human vitamin status-a systematic narrative review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- The magnitude and associated factors of immediate postpartum anemia among women who gave birth in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis, 2023.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Pooled it
- Effectiveness of intermittent iron and high-dose vitamin A supplementation on hemoglobin, iron and vitamin A status of schoolchildren in southern Ethiopia: a randomized placebo controlled trial.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Trial
- Child-Owned Poultry Intervention Effects on Hemoglobin, Anemia, Concurrent Anemia and Stunting, and Morbidity Status of Young Children in Southern Ethiopia: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Community Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Trial
- Anemia and Iron Deficiency Anemia in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review of Prevalence and Contributing Factors.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Trends, regional disparities, and projected burden of anemia among women of reproductive age in Ghana, 2000-2030.Reproductive health · 2026Article
- Phenotype of insulin-dependent diabetes in chronic undernutrition: beta cell stress and immune dysfunction-a rural sub-Saharan perspective on type 5 diabetes.Diabetologia · 2025Review
- Improving school-age nutrition and school performance through amaranth plus flaxseed food product distribution in Sidama, Ethiopia: a study protocol.Global health action · 2025Article
- Nutrition and non-nutrition determinants of maternal mental disorders, stress and depression in pregnancy amidst a global pandemic: findings from Action against Stunting Hub Indonesia.The British journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Optimizing machine learning models for predicting anemia among under-five children in Ethiopia: insights from Ethiopian demographic and health survey data.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Ignoring the Impact of Fermentation Could Result in Substantial Misestimation of Folate and Cobalamin Adequacy: A Simulation Study on Injera Consumption in the Ethiopian Context.Current developments in nutrition · 2025Article
- Article
- Application of machine learning methods for predicting childhood anaemia: Analysis of Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey of 2016.PloS one · 2024Article
- Seasonal variations in household food security and consumption affect women's nutritional status in rural South Ethiopia.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Integrating and coordinating programs for the management of anemia across the life course.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2023Article
- Type 1 diabetes mellitus in the context of high levels of rural deprivation: differences in demographic and anthropometric characteristics between urban and rural cases in NW Ethiopia.Frontiers in clinical diabetes and healthcare · 2023Article
- Approaches to quantify the contribution of multiple anemia risk factors in children and women from cross-sectional national surveys.PLOS global public health · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWhile the causes of anemia at an individual level (such as certain nutritional deficiencies, infections, and genetic disorders) are well defined, there is limited understanding of the relative burden of anemia attributable to each cause within populations.
objectivesWe sought to estimate the proportion of anemia cases attributable to nutrition, infectious diseases, and other risk factors among women, men, and children in 6 regions of Ethiopia.
methodsA population-based cross-sectional study was conducted. Data were obtained from 2520 women of reproductive age (15-49 y), 1044 adult men (15-49 y), and 1528 children (6-59 mo). Participants provided venous blood samples for assessment of their hemoglobin concentration; ferritin, folate, vitamin B12, and C-reactive protein levels; and the presence of malaria infection. Stool samples were collected to ascertain the helminth infection status. Sociodemographic questionnaires and a 24-h diet recall were administered. Population-weighted prevalences of anemia and risk factors were calculated. Multivariable-adjusted associations of risk factors with anemia and partial population attributable risk percentages were estimated using generalized linear models.
resultsThe anemia prevalences were 17% (95% CI: 13%-21%) among women, 8% (95% CI: 6%-12%) among men, and 22% (95% CI: 19%-26%) among children. Low serum ferritin contributed to 11% (95% CI: -1% to 23%) of anemia cases among women, 9% (95% CI: 0%-17%) among men, and 21% (95% CI: 4%-34%) among children. The proportions of anemia attributable to low serum folate were estimated at 25% (95% CI: 5%-41%) among women and 29% (95% CI: 11%-43%) among men. Dietary iron intake was adequate for nearly all participants, while inadequacy was common for folate and vitamin B12. Inflammation and malaria were responsible for less than 1 in 10 anemia cases.
conclusionsFolate deficiency, iron deficiency, and inflammation appear to be important contributors to anemia in Ethiopia. Folic acid food fortification, targeted iron interventions, and strategies to reduce infections may be considered as potential public health interventions to reduce anemia in Ethiopia.
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