ArticleThe Journal of endocrinology2021
Effects of PD-1 blockade on ovarian follicles in a prepubertal female mouse.
Article in The Journal of endocrinology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Female Oncofertility in Colorectal Cancer: Reproductive Uncertainties and Potential Benefits of Immunotherapy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Non-reproductive tumor progression impairs ovarian function through CXCL10-IL18R1 axis.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Oncofertility in the Age of HER2 Blockade, Immunotherapy, PARP inhibitors, CDK4/6 inhibitors and Endocrine Treatment: Unanswered Questions in Breast Cancer.Current treatment options in oncology · 2026Review
- Oncofertility in Women with Renal Cell Carcinoma in the Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Era: A Multidisciplinary Perspective.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Reproductive Toxicity of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Case Report with a Literature Review.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Should Fertility Preservation Be Offered to Young Women with Melanoma Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors? A SWOT Analysis.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Review
- Gonadotoxicity of immunotherapy and targeted agents in patients with cancer and impact on subsequent pregnancies.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2025Review
- Survivorship outcomes in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a scoping review.Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice · 2025Article
- Pharmacovigilance analysis of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related reproductive adverse effects based on the FDA adverse event reporting system.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Leukemic Cells Infiltrate the Ovaries Without Damaging Ovarian Reserve in an Acute Myeloid Leukemia Mouse Model.Endocrinology · 2025Article
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Impact Fertility: A Review.Reviews on recent clinical trials · 2025Review
- Resveratrol alleviates testicular toxicity induced by anti-PD-1 through regulating the NRF2-SLC7A11-GPX4 pathway.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Immunotherapy in gestational trophoblastic neoplasia: advances and future directions.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The dual nature of immunotherapy in female reproductive disorders: immune homeostasis and clinical challenges.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The Effects of Cancer Immunotherapy on Fertility: Focus on Hematological Malignancies.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Conditional loss of Brca1 in oocytes causes reduced litter size, ovarian reserve depletion and impaired oocyte in vitro maturation with advanced reproductive age in mice.EBioMedicine · 2024Article
- Bioinformatic analysis of the role of immune checkpoint genes and immune infiltration in the pathogenesis and development of premature ovarian insufficiency.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2024Article
- Fertility Preservation in the Era of Immuno-Oncology: Lights and Shadows.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Review
- Expression and T cell regulatory action of the PD-1 immune checkpoint in the ovary and fallopian tube.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2023Article
- Primary ovarian insufficiency secondary to chemotherapy with inotuzumab ozogamicin and other agents.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Immunotherapy has emerged at the forefront of cancer treatment. Checkpoint inhibitor pembrolizumab (KEYTRUDA), a chimeric antibody which targets programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in pediatric patients with relapsed or refractory classical Hodgkin's lymphoma. However, there is currently no published data regarding the effects of pembrolizumab on the ovary of female pediatric patients. In this study, prepubertal immunocompetent and immunodeficient female mice were injected with pembrolizumab or anti-mouse PD-1 antibody. The number of primordial follicles significantly decreased post-injection of both pembrolizumab and anti-mouse PD-1 antibody in immunocompetent mice. However, no changes in follicle numbers were observed in immunodeficient nude mice. Superovulation test and vaginal opening experiments suggest that there is no difference in the number of cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) and the timing of puberty onset between the control and anti-mouse PD-1 antibody treatment groups, indicating that there is no effect on short-term fertility. Elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α following COX-2 upregulation was observed in the ovary. CD3+ T-cell infiltration was detected within some ovarian follicles and between stromal cells of the ovaries in mice following treatment with anti-mouse PD-1 antibody. Thus, PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade affects the ovarian reserve through a mechanism possibly involving inflammation following CD3+ T-cell infiltration.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.