ReviewJournal of racial and ethnic health disparities2022
Disproportionate Impact of COVID-19 on Racial and Ethnic Minority Groups in the United States: a 2021 Update.
Review in Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 125 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
125 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 224 citations in OpenAlex.
- Social determinants of health and COVID-19 vaccination: An individual participant data meta-analysis of adult Latino participants.Preventive medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Strategies to address COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in First Nations peoples: a systematic review.Global health action · 2024Pooled it
- The effect of adding physician recommendation in digitally-enabled outreach for COVID-19 vaccination in socially/economically disadvantaged populations.BMC public health · 2024Trial
- Facing the pandemic amidst mental health challenges: A longitudinal study of Black and Latino public housing residents.Journal of affective disorders · 2026Article
- Trends and Disparities in Pneumothorax-Related Deaths in the United States Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A CDC WONDER Database Analysis.Public health challenges · 2026Article
- Hypertension Incidence and Blood Pressure Control in Hispanic or Latino Adults in the HCHS/SOL Study.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- The decade of double-trouble: live birth and stillbirth sex ratio variation in Finland during the COVID-19 pandemic and Russia's attack on Ukraine.European journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Changes in Subclinical Biomarkers of Myocardial Injury and Inflammation and SARS-COV-2 Serological Analyses in a Cohort of Community-dwelling Adults.Research square · 2026Article
- Enrolling and retaining a representative population in the NIH Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery (RECOVER)-Adult Cohort.Research square · 2026Article
- Racial and ethnic disparities in access to non-COVID-19 healthcare during the pandemic in the United States.Medicine · 2026Article
- Pancreatitis-associated mortality in the United States: A population-based analysis of trends and disparities, 1999 to 2023.Medicine · 2026Article
- Assessment and mitigation of COVID-19 occupational hazards among small businesses in a high-risk community.International journal of workplace health management · 2026Article
- Cannabis Use and Mental Health Coping Behavior among Black, Indigenous, and People of Color Women during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results from the COVID-19 Cannabis Health Study.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Interdisciplinary Pediatric Long-COVID Care: A Descriptive Study of Interventions and Health-Related Quality of Life.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Perspectives of Vietnamese Americans Regarding COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance, Trusted Sources of Information, and Pandemic-related Challenges.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tuberculosis epidemiology in California, Florida, New York, and Texas.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2026Article
- Racial, ethnic, and regional disparities in HIV testing during the COVID-19 pandemic in the USA: a nationwide, retrospective, observational study using National Clinical Cohort Collaborative data.The lancet. HIV · 2026Observational
- Why People Share (Or Don't): Race/Ethnicity and Contextual Correlates of Willingness to Disclose Contact Information During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Rural North Carolina.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Race and Resuscitation: Evolving Trends in Survival After In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Observational
- Persistent socioeconomic and ethnic inequalities in unmet need for NCD diagnosis and treatment in Viet Nam, 2015-2021.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
65 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic's disproportionate impact on people from some racial and ethnic groups in the U.S. persisted throughout 2021. Black, Latinx, and American Indian persons have been hospitalized and died at a higher rate than White persons consistently from the start of the pandemic. Early data show that hospitalization and mortality rates for Black, Latinx, and American Indian children are higher than White children in a worrying trend. The pandemic has likely worsened the gaps in wealth, employment, housing, and access to health care: the social determinants of health that caused the disparities in the first place. School closures will have a long-lasting impact on the widening achievement gaps between Black and Latinx students and White students. In the earlier vaccination phase, Black and Latinx persons were being vaccinated at a lower rate than their proportion of cases due to vaccine hesitancy, misinformation, and barriers to access. Vaccine hesitancy rates among these groups have since decreased and are now comparable to White persons. Aggregated data make it challenging to paint a picture of the actual impact of COVID-19 on Asian Americans as they are a diverse group with significant disparities. All of this highlights that we have much work to do in dismantling systemic racism, engaging communities we serve, and advancing health equity to prepare us for future pandemics and a more just healthcare system.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.