ArticleInfection prevention in practice2021
Carbapenem-resistant bacteria on hand-held and hands-free electronic devices of healthcare workers and non-healthcare workers in Delhi, India.
Article in Infection prevention in practice, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Multidrug-resistant bacterial contamination of healthcare workers' mobile phones, decontamination efficacy, and potential implications for hospital-acquired infections.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Molecular epidemiology of multidrug-resistant organisms on mobile phones: an observational study conducted at a German university hospital.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2026Observational
- Prevalence, Virulence Determinants, and Antimicrobial Resistance ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Insights into the mechanisms of infection transmission via inanimate surfaces.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Molecular characteristics of antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation of bloodstream infection pathogens isolated from pediatric patients in Ukraine.IJID regions · 2025Article
- Extended spectrum betalactamase and carbapenemase producing gram negative bacteria from mobile phones of healthcare workers at Debre Berhan Hospital, Ethiopia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- MAPLE Processed Nanostructures for Antimicrobial Coatings.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Healthcare Derived Smart Watches and Mobile Phones are Contaminated Niches to Multidrug Resistant and Highly Virulent Microbes.Infection and drug resistance · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMonitoring sensitivity profiles of circulating hospital strains is a key activity of a hospital infection control policy. The hospital environment and equipment may be reservoirs for carbapenem-resistant bacteria. Mobile phones have been shown to be a potential source for the transmission of bacteria in the healthcare environment.
methodsBacteria were cultured from seven common electronic devices. These included touchpads, chargers, hands-free headphones/microphones, laptops, digital wristwatches and computer mice which were used by healthcare workers and non-healthcare workers including family members and patient attendants. The Gram-negative bacteria were further analysed for phenotypic and genotypic (
results110 Gram-negative bacteria were isolated Mobile phones were found to be the most heavily contaminated devices and hands-free devices the least. 53.6% (n=59/110) Gram-negative bacteria were phenotypically carbapenem-resistant of which 36.37% (n=40) were metallo-β-lactamase positive. 40% (n=44/110) were genotypically resistant and 30% (n=33) were
conclusionsCarbapenem-resistant bacteria are widespread in India's hospital environment and present a challenge in healthcare. Electronic devices are a potential vehicle for the transmission of carbapenem-resistant bacteria. The results of the study support that hands-free electronic devices are less likely to be contaminated with carbapenem-resistant bacteria and that promoting the use of hands-free devices may help to reduce the spread of multidrug resistant bacteria in healthcare.
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