Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34646894›Full record

ArticleOrthopaedic journal of sports medicine2021

Concussion Incidence and Recovery Among Youth Athletes With ADHD Taking Stimulant-Based Therapy.

Muhammad Ali, Nickolas Dreher, Theodore Hannah, Adam Li, Nek Asghar, Zachary Spiera, Naoum Fares Marayati, John Durbin, Alex Gometz, Mark Lovell and 1 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
1.8field-weighted citation impact, top 14% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Symptom presentation and neurocognitive performance following sport-related concussion in adolescents with and without ADHD.Child neuropsychology : a journal on normal and abnormal development in childhood and adolescence · 2025
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Baseball injuries in adolescent athletes with ADHD.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2022
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Muhammad AliNeurosurgery Department, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
Nickolas DreherNeurosurgery Department, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
Theodore HannahNeurosurgery Department, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
Adam LiNeurosurgery Department, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
Nek AsgharNeurosurgery Department, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
Zachary SpieraNeurosurgery Department, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
Naoum Fares MarayatiNeurosurgery Department, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
John DurbinNeurosurgery Department, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
Alex GometzConcussion Management of New York, New York, New York, USA.
Mark LovellThe University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Tanvir ChoudhriNeurosurgery Department, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may affect concussion risk and recovery in youth athletes. PURPOSE: To evaluate the association between incidence of concussion and postinjury recovery of symptoms and neurocognitive dysfunction among youth athletes with ADHD and differential stimulant use. STUDY

designCohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

methodsFrom 2009 to 2019, the authors administered the Immediate Post-concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) to youth athletes at the beginning of each season. Throughout the season, athletes with concussions were examined and readministered the ImPACT both postinjury and again 7 days after the postinjury administration. These athletes (N = 7453) were divided into those with ADHD on stimulant-based therapy (ADHD+meds; n = 167), those with ADHD not on stimulant-based therapy (ADHD-only; n = 354), and those with no ADHD (non-ADHD; n = 6932). Recovery of neurocognitive dysfunction at postinjury and follow-up was calculated using the ImPACT symptom score, verbal memory, visual memory, visual motor skills, and reaction time (calculated as standardized deviations from baseline). Univariate results were confirmed with multivariate analysis.

resultsThe ADHD+meds cohort had a lower incidence of concussion (37.3 concussions per 100 patient-years) compared with the ADHD-only group (57.0 concussions per 100 patient-years) (odds ratio [OR], 0.51 [95% CI, 0.37-0.71];

conclusionStimulant use among youth athletes with ADHD was independently associated with reduced incidence for concussion and lower deviation from baseline in verbal memory, visual memory, and visual motor skills at 7 days postconcussion, suggesting lower neurocognitive impairment at follow-up in this group versus their peers.

Indexed as

ADHDconcussionImPACTstimulants

Identifiers

PMID34646894
PMCPMC8504242
OpenAlexW3207764478

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.