Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34646109›Full record

ReviewAmerican journal of lifestyle medicine

Loneliness and Social Isolation as Risk Factors: The Power of Social Connection in Prevention.

Julianne Holt-Lunstad

Registry-linked trialAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in American journal of lifestyle medicine. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06987708 (Evaluating the Impact of a 12-month Multi-Modal Lifestyle Management Intervention on Disease Relevant Biomarkers Associated With Monoclonal Gammopathy of Unknown Significance), which is not on this map. Cited by 84 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
84citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06987708 nanot yet recruitingnot on this map

Evaluating the Impact of a 12-month Multi-Modal Lifestyle Management Intervention on Disease Relevant Biomarkers Associated With Monoclonal Gammopathy of Unknown Significance (MGUS) and Smoldering Myeloma (SM): A Prospective Intervention Pilot Study

TypeinterventionalSponsorHackensack Meridian HealthRan2026 to 2028Enrolled67ConditionsMonoclonal Gammopathy of Uncertain Significance, Smoldering MyelomaArmsThe Multimodal Lifestyle Intervention
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

84 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
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  10. Perceived Social Connectedness and Substance Use among Adolescents and Young Adults in North Carolina.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2026
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Lifecourse socioeconomic status and subjective cognitive decline among diverse older adults.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2026
    Article
  15. Article
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  18. Listening to a Consonant Chord Progression during Live Face-to-Face Gaze Enhances Neural Activity in Social Systems.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Julianne Holt-LunstadBrigham Young University, Provo, Utah.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Social isolation and loneliness were already pressing concerns prior to the pandemic, but recent trends suggest a potential broadening of this public health crisis. Social connections have potent influences on health and longevity, and lacking social connection qualifies as a risk factor for premature mortality. However, social factors are often overlooked in medical and healthcare practice. There is also evidence documenting effects on biomarkers and health-relevant behaviors, as well as more proximal means social connection influences physical health. A recent National Academy of Science consensus committee report provides recommendations for how this evidence can inform medical and healthcare. Clinicians play an important role in assessing, preventing, and mitigating the adverse effects of social isolation and loneliness.

Indexed as

health behavior changelifestyle medicinelonelinesssocial connectionsocial isolation

Identifiers

PMID34646109
PMCPMC8504333

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.