ReviewNature reviews. Immunology2022
Lessons in self-defence: inhibition of virus entry by intrinsic immunity.
Review in Nature reviews. Immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 103 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
103 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 145 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Mechanisms of HIV-1 assembly, release and maturation.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- LY6E regulates Pseudorabies virus early infection via impairing viral internalization.Veterinary research · 2026Article
- Nectin4 restricts pseudorabies virus infection by blocking gD-Nectin1 interaction.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- IFITM1 and IFITM3 cooperate to restrict virus entry in endolysosomes.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Interferon-induced transmembrane proteins in cancer and virus biology: a membrane perspective.mBio · 2026Review
- Incorporating WGCNA and Machine Learning to Identify ADAP2 as a Critical Efferocytosis-Related Gene in Sepsis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- SUMOylation and ubiquitination reciprocally regulate SMCHD1 antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus 1.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Fatty acid synthase promotes Hantaan virus infection through lipogenic regulation in the tree shrew model.Zoological research · 2026Article
- Characterization of the Composition and Immunoregulatory Activity of Wheat Cell Culture-Derived Polysaccharides.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- MYCT1-IFITM2/3 interaction links endothelial endolysosomal trafficking to white adipose tissue expansion.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Cell entry mechanisms of porcine enteric coronaviruses.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Review
- Interferon-gamma-inducible protein 30 prevents IFN-γ-receptor 1 degradation to maintain PD-L1 and MHC-II levels in metastatic melanoma.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- Membrane Fusion-Inspired Nanomaterials: Emerging Strategies for Infectious Disease and Cancer Diagnostics.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- Glycocalyx at the host-virus interface: a double-edged sword in virus infection and tissue damage.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2026Review
- Discovery of Cetaben as a Novel Antiviral Agent Against Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus From a Cholesterol-Lowering Compound Library.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Article
- Interferon-induced transmembrane proteins: membrane gatekeepers of fusion and infection.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- RACK1 in host immune response to infections: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potentials.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Combined effects of restriction factors and transduction adjuvants on lentiviral vector gene transfer efficacy.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Restriction of HIV-1 infectivity by interferon and IFITM3 is counteracted by Nef.Science advances · 2025Article
43 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Virus entry, consisting of attachment to and penetration into the host target cell, is the first step of the virus life cycle and is a critical 'do or die' event that governs virus emergence in host populations. Most antiviral vaccines induce neutralizing antibodies that prevent virus entry into cells. However, while the prevention of virus invasion by humoral immunity is well appreciated, considerably less is known about the immune defences present within cells (known as intrinsic immunity) that interfere with virus entry. The interferon-induced transmembrane (IFITM) proteins, known for inhibiting fusion between viral and cellular membranes, were once the only factors known to restrict virus entry. However, the progressive development of genetic and pharmacological screening platforms and the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic have galvanized interest in how viruses infiltrate cells and how cells defend against it. Several host factors with antiviral potential are now implicated in the regulation of virus entry, including cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H), lymphocyte antigen 6E (LY6E), nuclear receptor co-activator protein 7 (NCOA7), interferon-γ-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT), CD74 and ARFGAP with dual pleckstrin homology domain-containing protein 2 (ADAP2). This Review summarizes what is known and what remains to be understood about the intrinsic factors that form the first line of defence against virus infection.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.