Trial reportScientific reports2021
An examination of active inference in autistic adults using immersive virtual reality.
Trial report in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Reduced flexibility in predictive tuning and contextual adaptation in autism: an EEG and behavioral study.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Reduced Dissociation Between Perception and Action in Autistic Individuals.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Hidden State Inference or Continuous Belief Updating during a Dynamic Visuomotor Skill.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026Article
- Prediction-based attention computing: a proof of concept study.Virtual reality · 2026Article
- Intolerance of Uncertainty Mediates the Relationship Between Autistic Traits and a Propensity for Deliberation.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025Article
- Gaze behavioral patterns during table tennis forehand rallies.Journal of vision · 2025Article
- Counteracting uncertainty: exploring the impact of anxiety on updating predictions about environmental states.Biological cybernetics · 2025Article
- Interceptive abilities in autism spectrum disorder: Comparing naturalistic and virtual visuomotor tasks.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2024Article
- Functional upper-extremity movements in autism: A narrative literature review.Research in autism spectrum disorders · 2024Article
- The role of prediction and visual tracking strategies during manual interception: An exploration of individual differences.Journal of vision · 2024Article
- Virtual environments as a novel and promising approach in (neuro)diagnosis and (neuro)therapy: a perspective on the example of autism spectrum disorder.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Article
- Investigating how Explicit Contextual Cues Affect Predictive Sensorimotor Control in Autistic Adults.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2023Article
- Testing predictive coding theories of autism spectrum disorder using models of active inference.PLoS computational biology · 2023Article
- My Lovely Granny's Farm: An immersive virtual reality training system for children with autism spectrum disorder.Education and information technologies · 2023Article
- Article
- From "one big clumsy mess" to "a fundamental part of my character." Autistic adults' experiences of motor coordination.PloS one · 2023Article
- The effect of performance pressure and error-feedback on anxiety and performance in an interceptive task.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Task-evoked pupillary responses track precision-weighted prediction errors and learning rate during interceptive visuomotor actions.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Motivation from Agency and Reward in Typical Development and Autism: Narrative Review of Behavioral and Neural Evidence.Brain sciences · 2022Review
- Active inference, morphogenesis, and computational psychiatry.Frontiers in computational neuroscience · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The integration of prior expectations, sensory information, and environmental volatility is proposed to be atypical in Autism Spectrum Disorder, yet few studies have tested these predictive processes in active movement tasks. To address this gap in the research, we used an immersive virtual-reality racquetball paradigm to explore how visual sampling behaviours and movement kinematics are adjusted in relation to unexpected, uncertain, and volatile changes in environmental statistics. We found that prior expectations concerning ball 'bounciness' affected sensorimotor control in both autistic and neurotypical participants, with all individuals using prediction-driven gaze strategies to track the virtual ball. However, autistic participants showed substantial differences in visuomotor behaviour when environmental conditions were more volatile. Specifically, uncertainty-related performance difficulties in these conditions were accompanied by atypical movement kinematics and visual sampling responses. Results support proposals that autistic people overestimate the volatility of sensory environments, and suggest that context-sensitive differences in active inference could explain a range of movement-related difficulties in autism.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.