Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34645806›Full record

ArticleNature communications2021

Cancer gene mutation frequencies for the U.S. population.

Gaurav Mendiratta, Eugene Ke, Meraj Aziz, David Liarakos, Melinda Tong, Edward C Stites

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 132 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
132citing papers in PubMed
10.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

132 citing papers in PubMed, 194 citations in OpenAlex.

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  15. KRAS Inhibition in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026
    Review
  16. Article
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72 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Gaurav Mendiratta *Integrative Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA. gmendiratta@salk.edu.ORCID 0000-0001-5091-348X
Eugene Ke *Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA. ek7kn@virginia.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-6369-5802
Meraj Aziz *Integrative Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6777-9010
David LiarakosIntegrative Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
Melinda TongIntegrative Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
Edward C StitesIntegrative Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA. estites@salk.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-3783-7336
Salk Institute for Biological Studies · USUniversity of Virginia · US

Funding

Viral Vector Core (VVC)P30CA014195 · NCI · SALK INSTITUTE FOR BIOLOGICAL STUDIES · PI Reuben Shaw · 1985 to 2026
$82.8M
Salk Institute Cancer Training GrantT32CA009370 · NCI · SALK INSTITUTE FOR BIOLOGICAL STUDIES · PI Diana Clare Hargreaves, Jan Karlseder · 1986 to 2026
$8.6M
Systems Biology of RAS and RAF Oncogenes and Personalized MedicineK22CA216318 · NCI · SALK INSTITUTE FOR BIOLOGICAL STUDIES · PI STITES, EDWARD C. · 2017 to 2019
$583k
NCI NIH HHS K22 CA216318NCI NIH HHS P30 CA014195NCI NIH HHS T32 CA009370
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Mutations play a fundamental role in the development of cancer, and many create targetable vulnerabilities. There are both public health and basic science benefits from the determination of the proportion of all cancer cases within a population that include a mutant form of a gene. Here, we provide the first such estimates by combining genomic and epidemiological data. We estimate KRAS is mutated in only 11% of all cancers, which is less than PIK3CA (13%) and marginally higher than BRAF (8%). TP53 is the most commonly mutated gene (35%), and KMT2C, KMT2D, and ARID1A are among the ten most commonly mutated driver genes, highlighting the role of epigenetic dysregulation in cancer. Analysis of major cancer subclassifications highlighted varying dependencies upon individual cancer drivers. Overall, we find that cancer genetics is less dominated by high-frequency, high-profile cancer driver genes than studies limited to a subset of cancer types have suggested.

Indexed as

Epigenesis, GeneticMutation RateComputational BiologyDNA-Binding ProteinsGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticGenetics, PopulationHumansIncidenceNeoplasm ProteinsNeoplasmsPhosphatidylinositol 3-KinasesProto-Oncogene Proteins B-rafProto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)Terminology as TopicTranscription FactorsTumor Suppressor Protein p53ARID1A protein, humanBRAF protein, humanDNA-Binding ProteinsKMT2C protein, humanKMT2D protein, humanKRAS protein, humanNeoplasm ProteinsPhosphatidylinositol 3-KinasesProto-Oncogene Proteins B-rafProto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)TP53 protein, humanTranscription FactorsTumor Suppressor Protein p53

Identifiers

PMID34645806
PMCPMC8514428
OpenAlexW3207791129

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.