Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34645442›Full record

Trial reportBMC palliative care2021

Patient and physician perspectives on engaging in palliative and healthcare trials: a qualitative descriptive study.

Valeria Cardenas, Anna Rahman, Jenna Giulioni, Alexis Coulourides Kogan, Susan Enguidanos

Open access · goldAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in BMC palliative care, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.2field-weighted citation impact, top 12% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Benefits and Burdens of Research Participation: A Mixed Methods Systematic Review in Palliative and End-of-Life Care.Journal of hospice and palliative nursing : JHPN : the official journal of the Hospice and Palliative Nurses Association · 2025
    Pooled it
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  3. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Valeria CardenasLeonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Ave., GER 208B, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA. vlcarden@usc.edu.
Anna RahmanLeonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Ave., GER 208B, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
Jenna GiulioniLeonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Ave., GER 208B, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
Alexis Coulourides KoganLeonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Ave., GER 208B, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
Susan EnguidanosLeonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Ave., GER 208B, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
University of Southern California · US

Funding

RESEARCH TRAINING IN GERONTOLOGYT32AG000037 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI JENNIFER A AILSHIRE, EILEEN M CRIMMINS · 1985 to 2026
$13.2M
NIA NIH HHS T32 AG000037
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundResearchers are encountering increasing challenges in recruiting participants for palliative and healthcare research. This paper aims to understand challenges to and methods for engaging physicians and seriously ill patients and their caregivers in research studies.

methodsBetween October 2019 to July 2020, we conducted qualitative interviews with 25 patients, proxies, and caregivers participants who were eligible for a randomized controlled trial of home-based palliative care and 31 physicians from participating accountable care organizations. Using thematic analysis, we analyzed participants' responses to identify concepts and key ideas within the text. From these initial concepts, core themes around barriers to research and preferred research recruitment approaches were generated.

resultsThemes from patient and caregiver interviews included time constraints, privacy concerns, lack of research familiarity, disconnect with research institution, self-perceived health status, and concerns with study randomization. Physician-identified barriers focused on time constraints and study randomization. Patient and caregiver recommendations for study recruitment included in-person recruitment, recruitment at healthcare providers' offices, recruitment via mail, additional study information, and frequent calls. Physician recommendations were related to placement of flyers at clinics, financial incentives, and formal events.

conclusionsFindings demonstrated that although patients and caregivers prefer that their physicians recruit them for health-related research studies, physicians identified time constraints as a consistent barrier to research involvement.

Indexed as

Palliative CarePhysiciansCaregiversDelivery of Health CareHumansQualitative ResearchCaregiversPalliative carePrimary care physiciansQualitative studyRecruitmentReferral

Identifiers

PMID34645442
PMCPMC8515687
OpenAlexW3206411797

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.