Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34644471›Full record

Trial reportThe New England journal of medicine2021

Intranasal Oxytocin in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Linmarie Sikich, Alexander Kolevzon, Bryan H King, Christopher J McDougle, Kevin B Sanders, Soo-Jeong Kim, Marina Spanos, Tara Chandrasekhar, M D Pilar Trelles, Carol M Rockhill and 24 more

2 registry-linked trialsOpen access · bronzeAbstract readClinical Trial, Phase IIMulticenter StudyRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in The New England journal of medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 153 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
153citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
47.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT01944046 phase2completednot on this map

Phase II Study of Oxytocin in Autism to Improve Reciprocal Social Behaviors

TypeinterventionalSponsorLinmarie SikichRan2014 to 2017Enrolled290ConditionsAutism Spectrum DisordersArmsDouble blind phase Placebo Nasal Spray, double Blind Oxytocin Nasal Spray, Open Label intranasal oxytocin
NCT06945926 phase2completednot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

The Effect of Oxytocin Nasal Spray on Preventing Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Patients Undergoing Orthopedic Surgery：Two-Stage Designs for Phase II Clinical Trials

TypeinterventionalSponsorZhejiang UniversityRan2025 to 2026Enrolled227ConditionsCervical Spinal Stenosis, Thoracic Spinal Stenosis, Lumbar Spinal Stenosis, Rotator Cuff InjuryArmsoxytocin nasal spray
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

153 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 281 citations in OpenAlex.

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  18. Genetic and epigenetic signatures associated with plasma oxytocin levels in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2023
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93 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

34 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.

Linmarie SikichFrom the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., A.S.), the Duke Clinical Research Institute (L. Sikich, C.A., S.L., L. She, M.B.), the Duke Molecular Physiology Institute (S.K.S., S.N.G., S.G.G.), and the Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (S.L.) and Neurology (S.G.G.), Duke University, Durham, the Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., R.D., A.S., J.L.J.), and SAS Institute, Cary (J.L.J.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.K., M.D.P.T., P.S., J.W.), the Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University (A.M., L.C.S., N.H., J.V.-V.), and New York State Psychiatric Institute (J.V.-V.), New York, and the Center for Autism and the Developing Brain, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains (J.V.-V.) - all in New York; the Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco (B.H.K.); the Department of Psychiatry, Seattle Children's Hospital and the University of Washington, Seattle (B.H.K., S.-J.K., C.M.R., M.M., B.Z.); the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.), and the Lurie Center for Autism, Lexington (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.) - all in Massachusetts; Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland (K.B.S.); the Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (K.B.S., A.W.C., S.M., H.C.); the University of New South Wales, Sydney (A.M.); and Florida International University, Miami (N.H.).
Alexander KolevzonFrom the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., A.S.), the Duke Clinical Research Institute (L. Sikich, C.A., S.L., L. She, M.B.), the Duke Molecular Physiology Institute (S.K.S., S.N.G., S.G.G.), and the Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (S.L.) and Neurology (S.G.G.), Duke University, Durham, the Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., R.D., A.S., J.L.J.), and SAS Institute, Cary (J.L.J.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.K., M.D.P.T., P.S., J.W.), the Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University (A.M., L.C.S., N.H., J.V.-V.), and New York State Psychiatric Institute (J.V.-V.), New York, and the Center for Autism and the Developing Brain, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains (J.V.-V.) - all in New York; the Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco (B.H.K.); the Department of Psychiatry, Seattle Children's Hospital and the University of Washington, Seattle (B.H.K., S.-J.K., C.M.R., M.M., B.Z.); the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.), and the Lurie Center for Autism, Lexington (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.) - all in Massachusetts; Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland (K.B.S.); the Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (K.B.S., A.W.C., S.M., H.C.); the University of New South Wales, Sydney (A.M.); and Florida International University, Miami (N.H.).
Bryan H KingFrom the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., A.S.), the Duke Clinical Research Institute (L. Sikich, C.A., S.L., L. She, M.B.), the Duke Molecular Physiology Institute (S.K.S., S.N.G., S.G.G.), and the Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (S.L.) and Neurology (S.G.G.), Duke University, Durham, the Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., R.D., A.S., J.L.J.), and SAS Institute, Cary (J.L.J.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.K., M.D.P.T., P.S., J.W.), the Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University (A.M., L.C.S., N.H., J.V.-V.), and New York State Psychiatric Institute (J.V.-V.), New York, and the Center for Autism and the Developing Brain, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains (J.V.-V.) - all in New York; the Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco (B.H.K.); the Department of Psychiatry, Seattle Children's Hospital and the University of Washington, Seattle (B.H.K., S.-J.K., C.M.R., M.M., B.Z.); the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.), and the Lurie Center for Autism, Lexington (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.) - all in Massachusetts; Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland (K.B.S.); the Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (K.B.S., A.W.C., S.M., H.C.); the University of New South Wales, Sydney (A.M.); and Florida International University, Miami (N.H.).
Christopher J McDougleFrom the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., A.S.), the Duke Clinical Research Institute (L. Sikich, C.A., S.L., L. She, M.B.), the Duke Molecular Physiology Institute (S.K.S., S.N.G., S.G.G.), and the Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (S.L.) and Neurology (S.G.G.), Duke University, Durham, the Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., R.D., A.S., J.L.J.), and SAS Institute, Cary (J.L.J.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.K., M.D.P.T., P.S., J.W.), the Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University (A.M., L.C.S., N.H., J.V.-V.), and New York State Psychiatric Institute (J.V.-V.), New York, and the Center for Autism and the Developing Brain, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains (J.V.-V.) - all in New York; the Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco (B.H.K.); the Department of Psychiatry, Seattle Children's Hospital and the University of Washington, Seattle (B.H.K., S.-J.K., C.M.R., M.M., B.Z.); the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.), and the Lurie Center for Autism, Lexington (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.) - all in Massachusetts; Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland (K.B.S.); the Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (K.B.S., A.W.C., S.M., H.C.); the University of New South Wales, Sydney (A.M.); and Florida International University, Miami (N.H.).
Kevin B SandersFrom the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., A.S.), the Duke Clinical Research Institute (L. Sikich, C.A., S.L., L. She, M.B.), the Duke Molecular Physiology Institute (S.K.S., S.N.G., S.G.G.), and the Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (S.L.) and Neurology (S.G.G.), Duke University, Durham, the Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., R.D., A.S., J.L.J.), and SAS Institute, Cary (J.L.J.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.K., M.D.P.T., P.S., J.W.), the Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University (A.M., L.C.S., N.H., J.V.-V.), and New York State Psychiatric Institute (J.V.-V.), New York, and the Center for Autism and the Developing Brain, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains (J.V.-V.) - all in New York; the Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco (B.H.K.); the Department of Psychiatry, Seattle Children's Hospital and the University of Washington, Seattle (B.H.K., S.-J.K., C.M.R., M.M., B.Z.); the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.), and the Lurie Center for Autism, Lexington (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.) - all in Massachusetts; Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland (K.B.S.); the Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (K.B.S., A.W.C., S.M., H.C.); the University of New South Wales, Sydney (A.M.); and Florida International University, Miami (N.H.).
Soo-Jeong KimFrom the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., A.S.), the Duke Clinical Research Institute (L. Sikich, C.A., S.L., L. She, M.B.), the Duke Molecular Physiology Institute (S.K.S., S.N.G., S.G.G.), and the Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (S.L.) and Neurology (S.G.G.), Duke University, Durham, the Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., R.D., A.S., J.L.J.), and SAS Institute, Cary (J.L.J.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.K., M.D.P.T., P.S., J.W.), the Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University (A.M., L.C.S., N.H., J.V.-V.), and New York State Psychiatric Institute (J.V.-V.), New York, and the Center for Autism and the Developing Brain, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains (J.V.-V.) - all in New York; the Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco (B.H.K.); the Department of Psychiatry, Seattle Children's Hospital and the University of Washington, Seattle (B.H.K., S.-J.K., C.M.R., M.M., B.Z.); the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.), and the Lurie Center for Autism, Lexington (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.) - all in Massachusetts; Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland (K.B.S.); the Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (K.B.S., A.W.C., S.M., H.C.); the University of New South Wales, Sydney (A.M.); and Florida International University, Miami (N.H.).
Marina SpanosFrom the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., A.S.), the Duke Clinical Research Institute (L. Sikich, C.A., S.L., L. She, M.B.), the Duke Molecular Physiology Institute (S.K.S., S.N.G., S.G.G.), and the Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (S.L.) and Neurology (S.G.G.), Duke University, Durham, the Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., R.D., A.S., J.L.J.), and SAS Institute, Cary (J.L.J.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.K., M.D.P.T., P.S., J.W.), the Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University (A.M., L.C.S., N.H., J.V.-V.), and New York State Psychiatric Institute (J.V.-V.), New York, and the Center for Autism and the Developing Brain, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains (J.V.-V.) - all in New York; the Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco (B.H.K.); the Department of Psychiatry, Seattle Children's Hospital and the University of Washington, Seattle (B.H.K., S.-J.K., C.M.R., M.M., B.Z.); the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.), and the Lurie Center for Autism, Lexington (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.) - all in Massachusetts; Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland (K.B.S.); the Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (K.B.S., A.W.C., S.M., H.C.); the University of New South Wales, Sydney (A.M.); and Florida International University, Miami (N.H.).
Tara ChandrasekharFrom the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., A.S.), the Duke Clinical Research Institute (L. Sikich, C.A., S.L., L. She, M.B.), the Duke Molecular Physiology Institute (S.K.S., S.N.G., S.G.G.), and the Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (S.L.) and Neurology (S.G.G.), Duke University, Durham, the Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., R.D., A.S., J.L.J.), and SAS Institute, Cary (J.L.J.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.K., M.D.P.T., P.S., J.W.), the Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University (A.M., L.C.S., N.H., J.V.-V.), and New York State Psychiatric Institute (J.V.-V.), New York, and the Center for Autism and the Developing Brain, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains (J.V.-V.) - all in New York; the Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco (B.H.K.); the Department of Psychiatry, Seattle Children's Hospital and the University of Washington, Seattle (B.H.K., S.-J.K., C.M.R., M.M., B.Z.); the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.), and the Lurie Center for Autism, Lexington (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.) - all in Massachusetts; Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland (K.B.S.); the Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (K.B.S., A.W.C., S.M., H.C.); the University of New South Wales, Sydney (A.M.); and Florida International University, Miami (N.H.).
M D Pilar TrellesFrom the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., A.S.), the Duke Clinical Research Institute (L. Sikich, C.A., S.L., L. She, M.B.), the Duke Molecular Physiology Institute (S.K.S., S.N.G., S.G.G.), and the Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (S.L.) and Neurology (S.G.G.), Duke University, Durham, the Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., R.D., A.S., J.L.J.), and SAS Institute, Cary (J.L.J.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.K., M.D.P.T., P.S., J.W.), the Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University (A.M., L.C.S., N.H., J.V.-V.), and New York State Psychiatric Institute (J.V.-V.), New York, and the Center for Autism and the Developing Brain, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains (J.V.-V.) - all in New York; the Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco (B.H.K.); the Department of Psychiatry, Seattle Children's Hospital and the University of Washington, Seattle (B.H.K., S.-J.K., C.M.R., M.M., B.Z.); the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.), and the Lurie Center for Autism, Lexington (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.) - all in Massachusetts; Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland (K.B.S.); the Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (K.B.S., A.W.C., S.M., H.C.); the University of New South Wales, Sydney (A.M.); and Florida International University, Miami (N.H.).
Carol M RockhillFrom the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., A.S.), the Duke Clinical Research Institute (L. Sikich, C.A., S.L., L. She, M.B.), the Duke Molecular Physiology Institute (S.K.S., S.N.G., S.G.G.), and the Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (S.L.) and Neurology (S.G.G.), Duke University, Durham, the Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., R.D., A.S., J.L.J.), and SAS Institute, Cary (J.L.J.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.K., M.D.P.T., P.S., J.W.), the Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University (A.M., L.C.S., N.H., J.V.-V.), and New York State Psychiatric Institute (J.V.-V.), New York, and the Center for Autism and the Developing Brain, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains (J.V.-V.) - all in New York; the Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco (B.H.K.); the Department of Psychiatry, Seattle Children's Hospital and the University of Washington, Seattle (B.H.K., S.-J.K., C.M.R., M.M., B.Z.); the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.), and the Lurie Center for Autism, Lexington (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.) - all in Massachusetts; Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland (K.B.S.); the Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (K.B.S., A.W.C., S.M., H.C.); the University of New South Wales, Sydney (A.M.); and Florida International University, Miami (N.H.).
Michelle L PalumboFrom the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., A.S.), the Duke Clinical Research Institute (L. Sikich, C.A., S.L., L. She, M.B.), the Duke Molecular Physiology Institute (S.K.S., S.N.G., S.G.G.), and the Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (S.L.) and Neurology (S.G.G.), Duke University, Durham, the Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., R.D., A.S., J.L.J.), and SAS Institute, Cary (J.L.J.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.K., M.D.P.T., P.S., J.W.), the Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University (A.M., L.C.S., N.H., J.V.-V.), and New York State Psychiatric Institute (J.V.-V.), New York, and the Center for Autism and the Developing Brain, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains (J.V.-V.) - all in New York; the Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco (B.H.K.); the Department of Psychiatry, Seattle Children's Hospital and the University of Washington, Seattle (B.H.K., S.-J.K., C.M.R., M.M., B.Z.); the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.), and the Lurie Center for Autism, Lexington (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.) - all in Massachusetts; Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland (K.B.S.); the Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (K.B.S., A.W.C., S.M., H.C.); the University of New South Wales, Sydney (A.M.); and Florida International University, Miami (N.H.).
Allyson Witters CundiffFrom the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., A.S.), the Duke Clinical Research Institute (L. Sikich, C.A., S.L., L. She, M.B.), the Duke Molecular Physiology Institute (S.K.S., S.N.G., S.G.G.), and the Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (S.L.) and Neurology (S.G.G.), Duke University, Durham, the Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., R.D., A.S., J.L.J.), and SAS Institute, Cary (J.L.J.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.K., M.D.P.T., P.S., J.W.), the Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University (A.M., L.C.S., N.H., J.V.-V.), and New York State Psychiatric Institute (J.V.-V.), New York, and the Center for Autism and the Developing Brain, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains (J.V.-V.) - all in New York; the Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco (B.H.K.); the Department of Psychiatry, Seattle Children's Hospital and the University of Washington, Seattle (B.H.K., S.-J.K., C.M.R., M.M., B.Z.); the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.), and the Lurie Center for Autism, Lexington (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.) - all in Massachusetts; Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland (K.B.S.); the Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (K.B.S., A.W.C., S.M., H.C.); the University of New South Wales, Sydney (A.M.); and Florida International University, Miami (N.H.).
Alicia MontgomeryFrom the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., A.S.), the Duke Clinical Research Institute (L. Sikich, C.A., S.L., L. She, M.B.), the Duke Molecular Physiology Institute (S.K.S., S.N.G., S.G.G.), and the Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (S.L.) and Neurology (S.G.G.), Duke University, Durham, the Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., R.D., A.S., J.L.J.), and SAS Institute, Cary (J.L.J.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.K., M.D.P.T., P.S., J.W.), the Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University (A.M., L.C.S., N.H., J.V.-V.), and New York State Psychiatric Institute (J.V.-V.), New York, and the Center for Autism and the Developing Brain, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains (J.V.-V.) - all in New York; the Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco (B.H.K.); the Department of Psychiatry, Seattle Children's Hospital and the University of Washington, Seattle (B.H.K., S.-J.K., C.M.R., M.M., B.Z.); the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.), and the Lurie Center for Autism, Lexington (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.) - all in Massachusetts; Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland (K.B.S.); the Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (K.B.S., A.W.C., S.M., H.C.); the University of New South Wales, Sydney (A.M.); and Florida International University, Miami (N.H.).
Paige SiperFrom the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., A.S.), the Duke Clinical Research Institute (L. Sikich, C.A., S.L., L. She, M.B.), the Duke Molecular Physiology Institute (S.K.S., S.N.G., S.G.G.), and the Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (S.L.) and Neurology (S.G.G.), Duke University, Durham, the Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., R.D., A.S., J.L.J.), and SAS Institute, Cary (J.L.J.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.K., M.D.P.T., P.S., J.W.), the Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University (A.M., L.C.S., N.H., J.V.-V.), and New York State Psychiatric Institute (J.V.-V.), New York, and the Center for Autism and the Developing Brain, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains (J.V.-V.) - all in New York; the Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco (B.H.K.); the Department of Psychiatry, Seattle Children's Hospital and the University of Washington, Seattle (B.H.K., S.-J.K., C.M.R., M.M., B.Z.); the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.), and the Lurie Center for Autism, Lexington (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.) - all in Massachusetts; Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland (K.B.S.); the Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (K.B.S., A.W.C., S.M., H.C.); the University of New South Wales, Sydney (A.M.); and Florida International University, Miami (N.H.).
Mendy MinjarezFrom the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., A.S.), the Duke Clinical Research Institute (L. Sikich, C.A., S.L., L. She, M.B.), the Duke Molecular Physiology Institute (S.K.S., S.N.G., S.G.G.), and the Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (S.L.) and Neurology (S.G.G.), Duke University, Durham, the Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., R.D., A.S., J.L.J.), and SAS Institute, Cary (J.L.J.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.K., M.D.P.T., P.S., J.W.), the Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University (A.M., L.C.S., N.H., J.V.-V.), and New York State Psychiatric Institute (J.V.-V.), New York, and the Center for Autism and the Developing Brain, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains (J.V.-V.) - all in New York; the Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco (B.H.K.); the Department of Psychiatry, Seattle Children's Hospital and the University of Washington, Seattle (B.H.K., S.-J.K., C.M.R., M.M., B.Z.); the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.), and the Lurie Center for Autism, Lexington (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.) - all in Massachusetts; Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland (K.B.S.); the Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (K.B.S., A.W.C., S.M., H.C.); the University of New South Wales, Sydney (A.M.); and Florida International University, Miami (N.H.).
Lisa A NowinskiFrom the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., A.S.), the Duke Clinical Research Institute (L. Sikich, C.A., S.L., L. She, M.B.), the Duke Molecular Physiology Institute (S.K.S., S.N.G., S.G.G.), and the Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (S.L.) and Neurology (S.G.G.), Duke University, Durham, the Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., R.D., A.S., J.L.J.), and SAS Institute, Cary (J.L.J.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.K., M.D.P.T., P.S., J.W.), the Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University (A.M., L.C.S., N.H., J.V.-V.), and New York State Psychiatric Institute (J.V.-V.), New York, and the Center for Autism and the Developing Brain, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains (J.V.-V.) - all in New York; the Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco (B.H.K.); the Department of Psychiatry, Seattle Children's Hospital and the University of Washington, Seattle (B.H.K., S.-J.K., C.M.R., M.M., B.Z.); the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.), and the Lurie Center for Autism, Lexington (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.) - all in Massachusetts; Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland (K.B.S.); the Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (K.B.S., A.W.C., S.M., H.C.); the University of New South Wales, Sydney (A.M.); and Florida International University, Miami (N.H.).
Sarah MarlerFrom the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., A.S.), the Duke Clinical Research Institute (L. Sikich, C.A., S.L., L. She, M.B.), the Duke Molecular Physiology Institute (S.K.S., S.N.G., S.G.G.), and the Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (S.L.) and Neurology (S.G.G.), Duke University, Durham, the Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., R.D., A.S., J.L.J.), and SAS Institute, Cary (J.L.J.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.K., M.D.P.T., P.S., J.W.), the Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University (A.M., L.C.S., N.H., J.V.-V.), and New York State Psychiatric Institute (J.V.-V.), New York, and the Center for Autism and the Developing Brain, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains (J.V.-V.) - all in New York; the Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco (B.H.K.); the Department of Psychiatry, Seattle Children's Hospital and the University of Washington, Seattle (B.H.K., S.-J.K., C.M.R., M.M., B.Z.); the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.), and the Lurie Center for Autism, Lexington (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.) - all in Massachusetts; Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland (K.B.S.); the Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (K.B.S., A.W.C., S.M., H.C.); the University of New South Wales, Sydney (A.M.); and Florida International University, Miami (N.H.).
Lauren C ShuffreyFrom the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., A.S.), the Duke Clinical Research Institute (L. Sikich, C.A., S.L., L. She, M.B.), the Duke Molecular Physiology Institute (S.K.S., S.N.G., S.G.G.), and the Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (S.L.) and Neurology (S.G.G.), Duke University, Durham, the Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., R.D., A.S., J.L.J.), and SAS Institute, Cary (J.L.J.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.K., M.D.P.T., P.S., J.W.), the Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University (A.M., L.C.S., N.H., J.V.-V.), and New York State Psychiatric Institute (J.V.-V.), New York, and the Center for Autism and the Developing Brain, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains (J.V.-V.) - all in New York; the Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco (B.H.K.); the Department of Psychiatry, Seattle Children's Hospital and the University of Washington, Seattle (B.H.K., S.-J.K., C.M.R., M.M., B.Z.); the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.), and the Lurie Center for Autism, Lexington (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.) - all in Massachusetts; Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland (K.B.S.); the Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (K.B.S., A.W.C., S.M., H.C.); the University of New South Wales, Sydney (A.M.); and Florida International University, Miami (N.H.).
Cheryl AldermanFrom the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., A.S.), the Duke Clinical Research Institute (L. Sikich, C.A., S.L., L. She, M.B.), the Duke Molecular Physiology Institute (S.K.S., S.N.G., S.G.G.), and the Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (S.L.) and Neurology (S.G.G.), Duke University, Durham, the Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., R.D., A.S., J.L.J.), and SAS Institute, Cary (J.L.J.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.K., M.D.P.T., P.S., J.W.), the Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University (A.M., L.C.S., N.H., J.V.-V.), and New York State Psychiatric Institute (J.V.-V.), New York, and the Center for Autism and the Developing Brain, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains (J.V.-V.) - all in New York; the Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco (B.H.K.); the Department of Psychiatry, Seattle Children's Hospital and the University of Washington, Seattle (B.H.K., S.-J.K., C.M.R., M.M., B.Z.); the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.), and the Lurie Center for Autism, Lexington (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.) - all in Massachusetts; Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland (K.B.S.); the Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (K.B.S., A.W.C., S.M., H.C.); the University of New South Wales, Sydney (A.M.); and Florida International University, Miami (N.H.).
Jordana WeissmanFrom the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., A.S.), the Duke Clinical Research Institute (L. Sikich, C.A., S.L., L. She, M.B.), the Duke Molecular Physiology Institute (S.K.S., S.N.G., S.G.G.), and the Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (S.L.) and Neurology (S.G.G.), Duke University, Durham, the Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., R.D., A.S., J.L.J.), and SAS Institute, Cary (J.L.J.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.K., M.D.P.T., P.S., J.W.), the Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University (A.M., L.C.S., N.H., J.V.-V.), and New York State Psychiatric Institute (J.V.-V.), New York, and the Center for Autism and the Developing Brain, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains (J.V.-V.) - all in New York; the Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco (B.H.K.); the Department of Psychiatry, Seattle Children's Hospital and the University of Washington, Seattle (B.H.K., S.-J.K., C.M.R., M.M., B.Z.); the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.), and the Lurie Center for Autism, Lexington (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.) - all in Massachusetts; Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland (K.B.S.); the Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (K.B.S., A.W.C., S.M., H.C.); the University of New South Wales, Sydney (A.M.); and Florida International University, Miami (N.H.).
Brooke ZapponeFrom the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., A.S.), the Duke Clinical Research Institute (L. Sikich, C.A., S.L., L. She, M.B.), the Duke Molecular Physiology Institute (S.K.S., S.N.G., S.G.G.), and the Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (S.L.) and Neurology (S.G.G.), Duke University, Durham, the Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., R.D., A.S., J.L.J.), and SAS Institute, Cary (J.L.J.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.K., M.D.P.T., P.S., J.W.), the Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University (A.M., L.C.S., N.H., J.V.-V.), and New York State Psychiatric Institute (J.V.-V.), New York, and the Center for Autism and the Developing Brain, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains (J.V.-V.) - all in New York; the Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco (B.H.K.); the Department of Psychiatry, Seattle Children's Hospital and the University of Washington, Seattle (B.H.K., S.-J.K., C.M.R., M.M., B.Z.); the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.), and the Lurie Center for Autism, Lexington (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.) - all in Massachusetts; Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland (K.B.S.); the Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (K.B.S., A.W.C., S.M., H.C.); the University of New South Wales, Sydney (A.M.); and Florida International University, Miami (N.H.).
Jennifer E MullettFrom the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., A.S.), the Duke Clinical Research Institute (L. Sikich, C.A., S.L., L. She, M.B.), the Duke Molecular Physiology Institute (S.K.S., S.N.G., S.G.G.), and the Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (S.L.) and Neurology (S.G.G.), Duke University, Durham, the Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., R.D., A.S., J.L.J.), and SAS Institute, Cary (J.L.J.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.K., M.D.P.T., P.S., J.W.), the Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University (A.M., L.C.S., N.H., J.V.-V.), and New York State Psychiatric Institute (J.V.-V.), New York, and the Center for Autism and the Developing Brain, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains (J.V.-V.) - all in New York; the Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco (B.H.K.); the Department of Psychiatry, Seattle Children's Hospital and the University of Washington, Seattle (B.H.K., S.-J.K., C.M.R., M.M., B.Z.); the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.), and the Lurie Center for Autism, Lexington (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.) - all in Massachusetts; Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland (K.B.S.); the Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (K.B.S., A.W.C., S.M., H.C.); the University of New South Wales, Sydney (A.M.); and Florida International University, Miami (N.H.).
Hope CrossonFrom the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., A.S.), the Duke Clinical Research Institute (L. Sikich, C.A., S.L., L. She, M.B.), the Duke Molecular Physiology Institute (S.K.S., S.N.G., S.G.G.), and the Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (S.L.) and Neurology (S.G.G.), Duke University, Durham, the Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., R.D., A.S., J.L.J.), and SAS Institute, Cary (J.L.J.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.K., M.D.P.T., P.S., J.W.), the Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University (A.M., L.C.S., N.H., J.V.-V.), and New York State Psychiatric Institute (J.V.-V.), New York, and the Center for Autism and the Developing Brain, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains (J.V.-V.) - all in New York; the Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco (B.H.K.); the Department of Psychiatry, Seattle Children's Hospital and the University of Washington, Seattle (B.H.K., S.-J.K., C.M.R., M.M., B.Z.); the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.), and the Lurie Center for Autism, Lexington (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.) - all in Massachusetts; Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland (K.B.S.); the Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (K.B.S., A.W.C., S.M., H.C.); the University of New South Wales, Sydney (A.M.); and Florida International University, Miami (N.H.).
Natalie HongFrom the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., A.S.), the Duke Clinical Research Institute (L. Sikich, C.A., S.L., L. She, M.B.), the Duke Molecular Physiology Institute (S.K.S., S.N.G., S.G.G.), and the Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (S.L.) and Neurology (S.G.G.), Duke University, Durham, the Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., R.D., A.S., J.L.J.), and SAS Institute, Cary (J.L.J.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.K., M.D.P.T., P.S., J.W.), the Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University (A.M., L.C.S., N.H., J.V.-V.), and New York State Psychiatric Institute (J.V.-V.), New York, and the Center for Autism and the Developing Brain, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains (J.V.-V.) - all in New York; the Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco (B.H.K.); the Department of Psychiatry, Seattle Children's Hospital and the University of Washington, Seattle (B.H.K., S.-J.K., C.M.R., M.M., B.Z.); the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.), and the Lurie Center for Autism, Lexington (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.) - all in Massachusetts; Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland (K.B.S.); the Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (K.B.S., A.W.C., S.M., H.C.); the University of New South Wales, Sydney (A.M.); and Florida International University, Miami (N.H.).
Stephen K SiecinskiFrom the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., A.S.), the Duke Clinical Research Institute (L. Sikich, C.A., S.L., L. She, M.B.), the Duke Molecular Physiology Institute (S.K.S., S.N.G., S.G.G.), and the Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (S.L.) and Neurology (S.G.G.), Duke University, Durham, the Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., R.D., A.S., J.L.J.), and SAS Institute, Cary (J.L.J.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.K., M.D.P.T., P.S., J.W.), the Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University (A.M., L.C.S., N.H., J.V.-V.), and New York State Psychiatric Institute (J.V.-V.), New York, and the Center for Autism and the Developing Brain, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains (J.V.-V.) - all in New York; the Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco (B.H.K.); the Department of Psychiatry, Seattle Children's Hospital and the University of Washington, Seattle (B.H.K., S.-J.K., C.M.R., M.M., B.Z.); the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.), and the Lurie Center for Autism, Lexington (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.) - all in Massachusetts; Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland (K.B.S.); the Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (K.B.S., A.W.C., S.M., H.C.); the University of New South Wales, Sydney (A.M.); and Florida International University, Miami (N.H.).
Stephanie N GiamberardinoFrom the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., A.S.), the Duke Clinical Research Institute (L. Sikich, C.A., S.L., L. She, M.B.), the Duke Molecular Physiology Institute (S.K.S., S.N.G., S.G.G.), and the Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (S.L.) and Neurology (S.G.G.), Duke University, Durham, the Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., R.D., A.S., J.L.J.), and SAS Institute, Cary (J.L.J.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.K., M.D.P.T., P.S., J.W.), the Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University (A.M., L.C.S., N.H., J.V.-V.), and New York State Psychiatric Institute (J.V.-V.), New York, and the Center for Autism and the Developing Brain, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains (J.V.-V.) - all in New York; the Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco (B.H.K.); the Department of Psychiatry, Seattle Children's Hospital and the University of Washington, Seattle (B.H.K., S.-J.K., C.M.R., M.M., B.Z.); the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.), and the Lurie Center for Autism, Lexington (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.) - all in Massachusetts; Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland (K.B.S.); the Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (K.B.S., A.W.C., S.M., H.C.); the University of New South Wales, Sydney (A.M.); and Florida International University, Miami (N.H.).
Sheng LuoFrom the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., A.S.), the Duke Clinical Research Institute (L. Sikich, C.A., S.L., L. She, M.B.), the Duke Molecular Physiology Institute (S.K.S., S.N.G., S.G.G.), and the Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (S.L.) and Neurology (S.G.G.), Duke University, Durham, the Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., R.D., A.S., J.L.J.), and SAS Institute, Cary (J.L.J.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.K., M.D.P.T., P.S., J.W.), the Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University (A.M., L.C.S., N.H., J.V.-V.), and New York State Psychiatric Institute (J.V.-V.), New York, and the Center for Autism and the Developing Brain, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains (J.V.-V.) - all in New York; the Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco (B.H.K.); the Department of Psychiatry, Seattle Children's Hospital and the University of Washington, Seattle (B.H.K., S.-J.K., C.M.R., M.M., B.Z.); the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.), and the Lurie Center for Autism, Lexington (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.) - all in Massachusetts; Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland (K.B.S.); the Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (K.B.S., A.W.C., S.M., H.C.); the University of New South Wales, Sydney (A.M.); and Florida International University, Miami (N.H.).
Lilin SheFrom the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., A.S.), the Duke Clinical Research Institute (L. Sikich, C.A., S.L., L. She, M.B.), the Duke Molecular Physiology Institute (S.K.S., S.N.G., S.G.G.), and the Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (S.L.) and Neurology (S.G.G.), Duke University, Durham, the Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., R.D., A.S., J.L.J.), and SAS Institute, Cary (J.L.J.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.K., M.D.P.T., P.S., J.W.), the Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University (A.M., L.C.S., N.H., J.V.-V.), and New York State Psychiatric Institute (J.V.-V.), New York, and the Center for Autism and the Developing Brain, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains (J.V.-V.) - all in New York; the Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco (B.H.K.); the Department of Psychiatry, Seattle Children's Hospital and the University of Washington, Seattle (B.H.K., S.-J.K., C.M.R., M.M., B.Z.); the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.), and the Lurie Center for Autism, Lexington (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.) - all in Massachusetts; Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland (K.B.S.); the Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (K.B.S., A.W.C., S.M., H.C.); the University of New South Wales, Sydney (A.M.); and Florida International University, Miami (N.H.).
Manjushri BhapkarFrom the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., A.S.), the Duke Clinical Research Institute (L. Sikich, C.A., S.L., L. She, M.B.), the Duke Molecular Physiology Institute (S.K.S., S.N.G., S.G.G.), and the Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (S.L.) and Neurology (S.G.G.), Duke University, Durham, the Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., R.D., A.S., J.L.J.), and SAS Institute, Cary (J.L.J.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.K., M.D.P.T., P.S., J.W.), the Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University (A.M., L.C.S., N.H., J.V.-V.), and New York State Psychiatric Institute (J.V.-V.), New York, and the Center for Autism and the Developing Brain, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains (J.V.-V.) - all in New York; the Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco (B.H.K.); the Department of Psychiatry, Seattle Children's Hospital and the University of Washington, Seattle (B.H.K., S.-J.K., C.M.R., M.M., B.Z.); the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.), and the Lurie Center for Autism, Lexington (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.) - all in Massachusetts; Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland (K.B.S.); the Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (K.B.S., A.W.C., S.M., H.C.); the University of New South Wales, Sydney (A.M.); and Florida International University, Miami (N.H.).
Russell DeanFrom the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., A.S.), the Duke Clinical Research Institute (L. Sikich, C.A., S.L., L. She, M.B.), the Duke Molecular Physiology Institute (S.K.S., S.N.G., S.G.G.), and the Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (S.L.) and Neurology (S.G.G.), Duke University, Durham, the Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., R.D., A.S., J.L.J.), and SAS Institute, Cary (J.L.J.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.K., M.D.P.T., P.S., J.W.), the Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University (A.M., L.C.S., N.H., J.V.-V.), and New York State Psychiatric Institute (J.V.-V.), New York, and the Center for Autism and the Developing Brain, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains (J.V.-V.) - all in New York; the Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco (B.H.K.); the Department of Psychiatry, Seattle Children's Hospital and the University of Washington, Seattle (B.H.K., S.-J.K., C.M.R., M.M., B.Z.); the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.), and the Lurie Center for Autism, Lexington (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.) - all in Massachusetts; Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland (K.B.S.); the Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (K.B.S., A.W.C., S.M., H.C.); the University of New South Wales, Sydney (A.M.); and Florida International University, Miami (N.H.).
Abby ScheerFrom the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., A.S.), the Duke Clinical Research Institute (L. Sikich, C.A., S.L., L. She, M.B.), the Duke Molecular Physiology Institute (S.K.S., S.N.G., S.G.G.), and the Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (S.L.) and Neurology (S.G.G.), Duke University, Durham, the Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., R.D., A.S., J.L.J.), and SAS Institute, Cary (J.L.J.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.K., M.D.P.T., P.S., J.W.), the Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University (A.M., L.C.S., N.H., J.V.-V.), and New York State Psychiatric Institute (J.V.-V.), New York, and the Center for Autism and the Developing Brain, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains (J.V.-V.) - all in New York; the Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco (B.H.K.); the Department of Psychiatry, Seattle Children's Hospital and the University of Washington, Seattle (B.H.K., S.-J.K., C.M.R., M.M., B.Z.); the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.), and the Lurie Center for Autism, Lexington (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.) - all in Massachusetts; Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland (K.B.S.); the Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (K.B.S., A.W.C., S.M., H.C.); the University of New South Wales, Sydney (A.M.); and Florida International University, Miami (N.H.).
Jacqueline L JohnsonFrom the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., A.S.), the Duke Clinical Research Institute (L. Sikich, C.A., S.L., L. She, M.B.), the Duke Molecular Physiology Institute (S.K.S., S.N.G., S.G.G.), and the Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (S.L.) and Neurology (S.G.G.), Duke University, Durham, the Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., R.D., A.S., J.L.J.), and SAS Institute, Cary (J.L.J.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.K., M.D.P.T., P.S., J.W.), the Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University (A.M., L.C.S., N.H., J.V.-V.), and New York State Psychiatric Institute (J.V.-V.), New York, and the Center for Autism and the Developing Brain, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains (J.V.-V.) - all in New York; the Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco (B.H.K.); the Department of Psychiatry, Seattle Children's Hospital and the University of Washington, Seattle (B.H.K., S.-J.K., C.M.R., M.M., B.Z.); the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.), and the Lurie Center for Autism, Lexington (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.) - all in Massachusetts; Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland (K.B.S.); the Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (K.B.S., A.W.C., S.M., H.C.); the University of New South Wales, Sydney (A.M.); and Florida International University, Miami (N.H.).
Simon G GregoryFrom the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., A.S.), the Duke Clinical Research Institute (L. Sikich, C.A., S.L., L. She, M.B.), the Duke Molecular Physiology Institute (S.K.S., S.N.G., S.G.G.), and the Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (S.L.) and Neurology (S.G.G.), Duke University, Durham, the Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., R.D., A.S., J.L.J.), and SAS Institute, Cary (J.L.J.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.K., M.D.P.T., P.S., J.W.), the Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University (A.M., L.C.S., N.H., J.V.-V.), and New York State Psychiatric Institute (J.V.-V.), New York, and the Center for Autism and the Developing Brain, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains (J.V.-V.) - all in New York; the Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco (B.H.K.); the Department of Psychiatry, Seattle Children's Hospital and the University of Washington, Seattle (B.H.K., S.-J.K., C.M.R., M.M., B.Z.); the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.), and the Lurie Center for Autism, Lexington (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.) - all in Massachusetts; Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland (K.B.S.); the Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (K.B.S., A.W.C., S.M., H.C.); the University of New South Wales, Sydney (A.M.); and Florida International University, Miami (N.H.).
Jeremy Veenstra-VanderWeeleFrom the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., A.S.), the Duke Clinical Research Institute (L. Sikich, C.A., S.L., L. She, M.B.), the Duke Molecular Physiology Institute (S.K.S., S.N.G., S.G.G.), and the Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (S.L.) and Neurology (S.G.G.), Duke University, Durham, the Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (L. Sikich, M.S., T.C., C.A., R.D., A.S., J.L.J.), and SAS Institute, Cary (J.L.J.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.K., M.D.P.T., P.S., J.W.), the Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University (A.M., L.C.S., N.H., J.V.-V.), and New York State Psychiatric Institute (J.V.-V.), New York, and the Center for Autism and the Developing Brain, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains (J.V.-V.) - all in New York; the Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco (B.H.K.); the Department of Psychiatry, Seattle Children's Hospital and the University of Washington, Seattle (B.H.K., S.-J.K., C.M.R., M.M., B.Z.); the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.), and the Lurie Center for Autism, Lexington (C.J.M., M.L.P., L.A.N., J.E.M.) - all in Massachusetts; Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland (K.B.S.); the Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (K.B.S., A.W.C., S.M., H.C.); the University of New South Wales, Sydney (A.M.); and Florida International University, Miami (N.H.).ORCID 0000-0002-6349-1076
Duke University · USUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · USSeattle Children's Hospital · USHarvard University · USRoche (Switzerland) · CH

Funding

Re-Entry Supplement: Investigation of Oral Microbial Enzymes for the Detection and Treatment of Periodontal DiseaseUL1TR002489 · NCATS · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI BUSE, JOHN BERNARD, SHAHEEN, NICHOLAS J · 2018 to 2022
$48.6M
Study of Oxytocin in Autism to Improve Reciprocal Social Behaviors (SOARS-B)U01HD073984 · NICHD · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI SIKICH, LINMARIE · 2012 to 2016
$11.8M
Genetics and Genomics Training GrantT32GM136627 · NIGMS · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI ALLISON E ASHLEY-KOCH · 2020 to 2026
$3.1M
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development HD073984NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002489NICHD NIH HHS U01 HD073984NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM136627
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundExperimental studies and small clinical trials have suggested that treatment with intranasal oxytocin may reduce social impairment in persons with autism spectrum disorder. Oxytocin has been administered in clinical practice to many children with autism spectrum disorder.

methodsWe conducted a 24-week, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial of intranasal oxytocin therapy in children and adolescents 3 to 17 years of age with autism spectrum disorder. Participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio, with stratification according to age and verbal fluency, to receive oxytocin or placebo, administered intranasally, with a total target dose of 48 international units daily. The primary outcome was the least-squares mean change from baseline on the Aberrant Behavior Checklist modified Social Withdrawal subscale (ABC-mSW), which includes 13 items (scores range from 0 to 39, with higher scores indicating less social interaction). Secondary outcomes included two additional measures of social function and an abbreviated measure of IQ.

resultsOf the 355 children and adolescents who underwent screening, 290 were enrolled. A total of 146 participants were assigned to the oxytocin group and 144 to the placebo group; 139 and 138 participants, respectively, completed both the baseline and at least one postbaseline ABC-mSW assessments and were included in the modified intention-to-treat analyses. The least-squares mean change from baseline in the ABC-mSW score (primary outcome) was -3.7 in the oxytocin group and -3.5 in the placebo group (least-squares mean difference, -0.2; 95% confidence interval, -1.5 to 1.0; P = 0.61). Secondary outcomes generally did not differ between the trial groups. The incidence and severity of adverse events were similar in the two groups.

conclusionsThis placebo-controlled trial of intranasal oxytocin therapy in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder showed no significant between-group differences in the least-squares mean change from baseline on measures of social or cognitive functioning over a period of 24 weeks. (Funded by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; SOARS-B ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01944046.).

Indexed as

Social BehaviorAdministration, IntranasalAdolescentAutism Spectrum DisorderChildChild, PreschoolDouble-Blind MethodFemaleHumansLeast-Squares AnalysisMaleOxytocinSocial SkillsTreatment FailureOxytocin

Identifiers

PMID34644471
PMCPMC9701092
OpenAlexW3206744275

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.