Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34644434›Full record

ArticleScandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports2022

Longitudinal and cross-sectional associations of adherence to 24-hour movement guidelines with cardiometabolic risk.

Marja H Leppänen, Eero A Haapala, Juuso Väistö, Ulf Ekelund, Søren Brage, Tuomas O Kilpeläinen, Timo A Lakka

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Global research on 24-hour movement behaviours guidelines in children and adolescents: a systematic review.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2025
    Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Trial
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Marja H LeppänenFolkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6933-8809
Eero A HaapalaFaculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5096-851X
Juuso VäistöInstitute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7026-5934
Ulf EkelundMRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Søren BrageMRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Tuomas O KilpeläinenNovo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Timo A LakkaInstitute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.

Funding

Medical Research Council MC_UU_00006/4Ministry of Education and Culture of Finland, Ministry of Social Affairs and Health of Finland, Research Committee of the Kuopio University Hospital Catchment Area (State Research Funding), Finnish Innovation Fund Sitra, Social Insurance Institution of Finland, Finnish Cultural Foundation, Foundation for Paediatric Research, Diabetes Research Foundation in Finland, Finnish Foundation for Cardiovascular Research, Juho Vainio Foundation, Paavo Nurmi Foundation, Yrjö Jahnsson Foundation, Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF18CC0034900), and the city of Kuopio
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study aimed to examine (1) adherence to 24 h movement guidelines over a 2 years follow-up in children aged 6-8 years and (2) association of this adherence with cardiometabolic risk factors. Physical activity and sleep were assessed by a monitor combining heart rate and accelerometry measurements. Screen time was reported by the parents. Body fat percentage, waist circumference, blood glucose, serum insulin, plasma lipids, and blood pressure were assessed, and a cardiometabolic risk score was calculated using z-scores. Children were classified as meeting the guidelines if they had on average ≥60 min/day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity during the valid days; ≤120 min/day of screen time; and 9-11 h/day of sleep. In total, 485 children had valid data at baseline or at 2 years follow-up. Analyses were conducted using adjusted logistic and linear regression models. Most children adhered to the 24 h movement guidelines at baseline, but the adherence decreased over the 2 years follow-up. Meeting physical activity guidelines individually, or in combination with screen time and/or sleep, was longitudinally associated with a lower cardiometabolic risk score, insulin and waist circumference, and cross-sectionally additionally with lower diastolic blood pressure and higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. However, these associations became statistically non-significant after adjustment for body fat. In conclusion, meeting 24 h movement guidelines at baseline increases the odds of meeting them at 2 years follow-up in school-aged children. Furthermore, meeting 24 h movement guidelines is associated with lower levels of cardiometabolic risk factors, but these associations are partly explained by lower body fat. Thus, promoting movement behaviors, especially physical activity, and healthy weight in early childhood is important in supporting cardiometabolic health in children.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesSedentary BehaviorAccelerometryChildChild, PreschoolCross-Sectional StudiesExerciseHumansRisk FactorsSleepbody fatmetabolic profilemovement guidelinespediatricsprospective

Identifiers

PMID34644434
PMCPMC7613889

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.