Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34644122›Full record

ReviewAmerican journal of physiology. Cell physiology2021

Chloride transport modulators as drug candidates.

Alan S Verkman, Luis J V Galietta

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in American journal of physiology. Cell physiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed
2.8field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. The role ofFood science and biotechnology · 2025
    Article
  7. Intracellular Chloride Channels: A Rising Target in Lung Disease Research.Journal of respiratory biology and translational medicine · 2025
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Solute Carrier Family 26 Member 4 (SLC26A4), A Potential Therapeutic Target for Asthma.Journal of respiratory biology and translational medicine · 2024
    Article
  10. Chloride ions in health and disease.Bioscience reports · 2024
    Review
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Ocular Surface Ion Transport and Dry Eye Disease.Current ophthalmology reports · 2022
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Alan S VerkmanDepartment of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California.ORCID 0000-0003-3713-2202
Luis J V GaliettaTelethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy.
Telethon Institute Of Genetics And Medicine · ITUniversity of California, San Francisco · US

Funding

SynthesisP30DK072517 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI VERKMAN, ALAN S · 2005 to 2022
$18.1M
Functional Role of Aquaporins in Eye PhysiologyR01EY013574 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI VERKMAN, ALAN S · 2002 to 2022
$7.6M
NEI NIH HHS R01 EY013574NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK072517NIH HHS P30 DK072517NIH HHS R01 EY013574
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Chloride transport across cell membranes is broadly involved in epithelial fluid transport, cell volume and pH regulation, muscle contraction, membrane excitability, and organellar acidification. The human genome encodes at least 53 chloride-transporting proteins with expression in cell plasma or intracellular membranes, which include chloride channels, exchangers, and cotransporters, some having broad anion specificity. Loss-of-function mutations in chloride transporters cause a wide variety of human diseases, including cystic fibrosis, secretory diarrhea, kidney stones, salt-wasting nephropathy, myotonia, osteopetrosis, hearing loss, and goiter. Although impactful advances have been made in the past decade in drug treatment of cystic fibrosis using small molecule modulators of the defective cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride channel, other chloride channels and solute carrier proteins (SLCs) represent relatively underexplored target classes for drug discovery. New opportunities have emerged for the development of chloride transport modulators as potential therapeutics for secretory diarrheas, constipation, dry eye disorders, kidney stones, polycystic kidney disease, hypertension, and osteoporosis. Approaches to chloride transport-targeted drug discovery are reviewed herein, with focus on chloride channel and exchanger classes in which recent preclinical advances have been made in the identification of small molecule modulators and in proof of concept testing in experimental animal models.

Indexed as

Drug DesignDrug DiscoveryAnimalsAntiportersChloride ChannelsChloridesCystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance RegulatorHumansIon TransportKineticsMembrane Transport ModulatorsMutationSulfate TransportersAntiportersCFTR protein, humanChloride ChannelsChloridesCystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance RegulatorMembrane Transport ModulatorsSulfate Transporterschloride channelchloride exchangerdrug discoveryepitheliumsolute carrier proteins

Identifiers

PMID34644122
PMCPMC8714991
OpenAlexW3207781837

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.