ArticleScience advances2021
Customizable, conformal, and stretchable 3D electronics via predistorted pattern generation and thermoforming.
Article in Science advances, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- Regulated liquid metal via semiconductor valve toward highly stretchable topological circuits.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Full-Stack Architectures for Intelligent Brain-Computer Interfaces.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Sustainable Liquid Metal Composites for Soft Electronics and E-Waste Reduction.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Review
- A highly sensitive and multiplexed wireless sensing system with skin-like compliance and stretchability for wearable applications.Science advances · 2025Article
- NFC/RFID-enabled wearables and implants for biomedical applications.Microsystems & nanoengineering · 2025Review
- Three-dimensional shrinking electronics on freestanding and freeform curvilinear surfaces.Science advances · 2025Article
- Assembly and Interconnection Technologies for 3D Plastic Circuit Carriers: An Overview of Technologies, Materials, and Applications.Micromachines · 2025Review
- Thermoforming 2D films into 3D electronics for high-performance, customizable tactile sensing.Science advances · 2025Article
- Bioinspired interfacial engineering for highly stretchable electronics.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Printable, stretchable metal-vapor-desorption layers for high-fidelity patterning in soft, freeform electronics.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Programmed multimaterial assembly by synergized 3D printing and freeform laser induction.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Transient charge-driven 3D conformal printing via pulsed-plasma impingement.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Anti-friction gold-based stretchable electronics enabled by interfacial diffusion-induced cohesion.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Methods to Improve Accuracy of Electronic Component Positioning in Thermoformed Electronics.Micromachines · 2023Article
- Recent Advances in Sensor-Actuator Hybrid Soft Systems: Core Advantages, Intelligent Applications, and Future Perspectives.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Review
- Mechanically-Guided 3D Assembly for Architected Flexible Electronics.Chemical reviews · 2023Review
- Technology Roadmap for Flexible Sensors.ACS nano · 2023Review
- Nanoscale three-dimensional fabrication based on mechanically guided assembly.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Liquid Metal-Based Electronics for On-Skin Healthcare.Biosensors · 2023Review
- Liquid metal enabled conformal electronics.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Recently, three-dimensional electronics (3DE) is attracting huge interest owing to the increasing demands for seamless integration of electronic systems on 3D curvilinear surfaces. However, it is still challenging to fabricate 3DE with high customizability, conformability, and stretchability. Here, we present a fabrication method of 3DE based on predistorted pattern generation and thermoforming. Through this method, custom-designed 3DE is fabricated through the thermoforming process. The fabricated 3DE has high 3D conformability because the thermoforming process enables the complete replication of both the overall shape and the surface texture of the 3D mold. Furthermore, the usage of thermoplastic elastomer and a liquid metal–based conductive electrode allows for high thermoformability during the device fabrication as well as high stretchability during the device operation. We believe that this technology can enable a wide range of new functionalities and multiscale 3D morphologies in wearable electronics.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.