ArticlePhytotherapy research : PTR2021
Cannabidiol inhibits SARS-Cov-2 spike (S) protein-induced cytotoxicity and inflammation through a PPARγ-dependent TLR4/NLRP3/Caspase-1 signaling suppression in Caco-2 cell line.
Article in Phytotherapy research : PTR, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cannabidiol for Mucosal Diseases: Therapeutic Potential and Advanced Delivery Strategies.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Inhibitory effect of cannabidiol on infectious bronchitis virus in chickens in vitro and in vivo.Archives of microbiology · 2026Article
- Molecular Dynamics and Solvated Interaction Energy Prioritize Cannabidiol and Cannabinol as Variant-Spanning SARS-CoV-2 RBD-ACE2 Interface Blockers.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The dual roles of natural cannabidiol in combating oxidative stress and inflammation: A potential intestinal guardian.Redox biology · 2026Review
- Cannabidiol attenuates lung ischemia-reperfusion injury by modulating RIPK1/RIPK3-mediated necroptosis and HIF-1α/VEGF signaling.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2026Article
- Potential relationships between circulating gene expression ofJournal of Zhejiang University. Science. B · 2025Article
- Network Pharmacology and Experiment Verification-Based Strategy for Exploring the Mechanisms of Shuqing Granule in the Treatment of COVID-19.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Cannabis Derivatives as Ingredients of Functional Foods to Combat the COVID-19 Pandemic.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- New cannabidiol structure-related terpeneFuture medicinal chemistry · 2025Article
- Short-term exposure to a high-humidity environment triggers intestinal inflammation via AQP3.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- The innate immune response in SARS-CoV2 infection: focus on toll-like receptor 4 in severe disease outcomes.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- P2X7 receptors from the perspective of NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in depression: Potential role of cannabidiol.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2024Article
- Review
- Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Activates Cardiac Fibrogenesis through NLRP3 Inflammasomes and NF-κB Signaling.Cells · 2024Article
- The NLRP3 inflammasome: a vital player in inflammation and mediating the anti-inflammatory effect of CBD.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2024Review
- Natural products in atherosclerosis therapy by targeting PPARs: a review focusing on lipid metabolism and inflammation.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Review
- Curculigoside mitigates dextran sulfate sodium‑induced colitis by activation of KEAP1‑NRF2 interaction to inhibit oxidative damage and autophagy of intestinal epithelium barrier.International journal of molecular medicine · 2023Article
- Novel Molecular Consortia of Cannabidiol with Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Inhibit Emerging Coronaviruses' Entry.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Anti-inflammatory effects of CBD in human microglial cell line infected with HIV-1.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Heat-KilledNutrients · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Given the abundancy of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptors density, beyond the lung, the intestine is considered as an alternative site of infection and replication for severe acute respiratory syndrome by coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Cannabidiol (CBD) has recently been proposed in the management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) respiratory symptoms because of its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity exerted in the lung. In this study, we demonstrated the in vitro PPAR-γ-dependent efficacy of CBD (10
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.