ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2021
Vitamin K & D Deficiencies Are Independently Associated With COVID-19 Disease Severity.
Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vitamin D supplementation for the treatment of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Dietary supplements to reduce symptom severity and duration in people with SARS-CoV-2: a double-blind randomised controlled trial.BMJ open · 2023Trial
- Association between serum vitamins and COVID-19 infection: a cross-sectional study of healthcare workers in a Nigerian tertiary hospital.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Novel approach to substantiate cause-and-effect relationships: combining study ranking and statistical modelling, with a crucial role of data sharing.European journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Low vitamin K status is a potential risk factor for COVID-19 infected patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- Article
- Efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in the treatment of patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2024Review
- Beyond the Coagulation Cascade: Vitamin K and Its Multifaceted Impact on Human and Domesticated Animal Health.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Review
- Vitamin K2 Supplementation in Hospitalised COVID-19 Patients: A Randomised Controlled Trial.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Zinc Deficiency And sTNF-RII Are Associated With Worse COVID-19 Outcomes.The Journal of nutrition · 2024Observational
- Potential Laboratory Markers in COVID-19 Patients with Gastrointestinal Impairments as Prognosticators of the Disease Severity.Tanaffos · 2024Article
- Higher levels of circulating desphospho-uncarboxylated matrix Gla protein over time are associated with worse survival: the prospective Maastricht Intensive Care COVID cohort.Journal of intensive care · 2023Article
- The association of vitamin K status with lung function and disease in a general population.ERJ open research · 2023Article
- Article
- The biological responses of vitamin K2: A comprehensive review.Food science & nutrition · 2023Review
- Links between Vitamin K, Ferroptosis and SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Identifying SARS-CoV-2 Drugs Binding to the Spike Fatty Acid Binding Pocket Using In Silico Docking and Molecular Dynamics.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Bone fragility during the COVID-19 pandemic: the role of macro- and micronutrients.Therapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease · 2023Review
- Modifiable contributing factors to COVID-19: A comprehensive review.Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association · 2023Review
- Vitamin K Contribution to DNA Damage-Advantage or Disadvantage? A Human Health Response.Nutrients · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWe investigated the association of vitamin K and vitamin D with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes.
methodsLevels of inactive vitamin K-dependent dephosphorylated uncarboxylated matrix Gla protein (dp-ucMGP; marker of vitamin K status) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D; vitamin D status) were measured in plasma samples from participants with confirmed acute COVID-19 and were age- and sex-matched to healthy controls. Unadjusted odds ratios and adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% CIs were computed using cumulative logistic regression.
resultsOne hundred fifty subjects were included, 100 COVID-19+ and 50 controls. The median age (interquartile range) was 55 (48-63) years, and 50% were females. Thirty-four percent had mild COVID-19 disease, 51% moderate disease, and 15% severe. Dp-ucMGP levels were higher (ie, worse K status) in COVID-19+ vs controls (776.5 ng/mL vs 549.8 ng/mL;
conclusionsEarly in acute COVID-19, both vitamin K and vitamin D deficiency were independently associated with worse COVID-19 disease severity, suggesting a potential synergistic interplay between these 2 vitamins in COVID-19.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.