ReviewNature medicine2021
Individualized therapy trials: navigating patient care, research goals and ethics.
Review in Nature medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Ethical Implications of Tissue Engineering for Regenerative Purposes: A Systematic Review.Tissue engineering. Part B, Reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Opportunities to enhance protections for individualized interventions involving gene-editing.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
- Current translational perspectives for diagnosis and individualized therapy in rare genetic diseases.Communications medicine · 2026Review
- Uncertainty and novel clinical trial designs in oncology - when should equipoise matter?Clinical trials (London, England) · 2026Article
- Article
- Paying for precision: funding approaches for N-of-1 trials of individualized gene targeted therapies.Orphanet journal of rare diseases · 2026Review
- Towards functional precision medicine? Evidence standards of organoids as patient-specific models.History and philosophy of the life sciences · 2026Article
- N-of-1 trials in clinical research: Methodological foundations, statistical approaches and implementation challenges.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Review
- Randomized Personalized Trial for Stress Management Compared to Standard of Care.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Article
- Reply to DingAmerican journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2025Article
- A framework for sequential monitoring of individual N-of-1 trials and combining results across a series of sequentially monitored N-of-1 trials.Clinical trials (London, England) · 2025Article
- Integrating N-of-1 Trials Into Learning Health Care Systems.JAMA neurology · 2025Article
- Nutraceuticals for Gut-Brain Axis Health: A Novel Approach to Combat Malnutrition and Future Personalised Nutraceutical Interventions.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Understanding individualised genetic interventions as research-treatment hybrids.Journal of medical ethics · 2025Article
- A conceptual model and practical guidance for the development, administration, and evaluation of individualized therapies.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Pulmonary Hypertension: Intensification and Personalization of Combination Rx (PHoenix): A phase IV randomized trial for the evaluation of dose-response and clinical efficacy of riociguat and selexipag using implanted technologies.Pulmonary circulation · 2024Article
- Individualized interventions for rare genetic conditions and the research-treatment spectrum: Stakeholder perspectives.Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics · 2023Article
- Individual Treatment Trials-Do Experts Know and Use This Option to Improve the Treatability of Mucopolysaccharidosis?Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The use of N-of-1 trials to generate real-world evidence for optimal treatment of individuals and populations.Journal of clinical and translational science · 2023Article
- Microbiota succession throughout life from the cradle to the grave.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
'Individualized therapy' trials (sometimes called n-of-1 trials) use patients as their own controls to evaluate treatments. Here we divide such trials into three categories: multi-crossover trials aimed at individual patient management, multi-crossover trial series and pre-post trials. These trials all customize interventions for patients; however, the latter two categories also aim to inform medical practice and thus embody tensions between the goals of care and research that are typical of other types of clinical trials. In this Perspective, we discuss four domains where such tensions play out-clinical equipoise, informed consent, reporting and funding, and we provide recommendations for addressing each.
Indexed as
Identifiers
34642487What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.