ArticleScientific reports2021
Seasonality of tuberculosis in intermediate endemicity setting dominated by reactivation diseases in Hong Kong.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Epidemiological Distribution Characteristics of Tuberculosis Among Older Adults in Chongqing (2020-2024): Spatial-Temporal Analysis.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2026Article
- Effect of exposure to ambient particulate matter on risk of developing pulmonary tuberculosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Lung India : official organ of Indian Chest Society · 2025Article
- Analysis of Tuberculosis Epidemiological Distribution Characteristics in Fujian Province, China, 2005-2021: Spatial-Temporal Analysis Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2024Article
- Article
- Spatiotemporal and Seasonal Trends of Class A and B Notifiable Infectious Diseases in China: Retrospective Analysis.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2023Article
- The secondary outcome of public health measures amidst the COVID-19 pandemic in the spread of other respiratory infectious diseases in Thailand.Travel medicine and infectious diseaseArticle
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Summer-spring predominance of tuberculosis (TB) has been widely reported. The relative contributions of exogenous recent infection versus endogenous reactivation to such seasonality remains poorly understood. Monthly TB notifications data between 2005 and 2017 in Hong Kong involving 64,386 cases (41% aged ≥ 65; male-to-female ratio 1.74:1) were examined for the timing, amplitude, and predictability of variation of seasonality. The observed seasonal variabilities were correlated with demographics and clinical presentations, using wavelet analysis coupled with dynamic generalised linear regression models. Overall, TB notifications peaked annually in June and July. No significant annual seasonality was demonstrated for children aged ≤ 14 irrespective of gender. The strongest seasonality was detected in the elderly (≥ 65) among males, while seasonal pattern was more prominent in the middle-aged (45-64) and adults (30-44) among females. The stronger TB seasonality among older adults in Hong Kong suggested that the pattern has been contributed largely by reactivation diseases precipitated by defective immunity whereas seasonal variation of recent infection was uncommon.
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