Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34642312›Full record

ArticleNature communications2021

The genomic landscape of Mexican Indigenous populations brings insights into the peopling of the Americas.

Humberto García-Ortiz, Francisco Barajas-Olmos, Cecilia Contreras-Cubas, Miguel Ángel Cid-Soto, Emilio J Córdova, Federico Centeno-Cruz, Elvia Mendoza-Caamal, Isabel Cicerón-Arellano, Marlen Flores-Huacuja, Paulina Baca and 30 more

Abstract readHistorical Article
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
37citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Type 2 diabetes genetics in 125,000 admixed adults from Mexico City.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
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  9. Genetic and genomic insights of the Comcáac people.Journal of community genetics · 2025
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

40 authors.

Humberto García-Ortiz *Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico. hgarcia@inmegen.gob.mx.ORCID 0000-0002-0453-980X
Francisco Barajas-Olmos *Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico.
Cecilia Contreras-Cubas *Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico.
Miguel Ángel Cid-SotoInstituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico.
Emilio J CórdovaInstituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico.
Federico Centeno-CruzInstituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico.ORCID 0000-0002-3512-4519
Elvia Mendoza-CaamalInstituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico.
Isabel Cicerón-ArellanoInstituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico.
Marlen Flores-HuacujaInstituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico.
Paulina BacaInstituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico.
Deborah A BolnickDepartment of Anthropology and Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8444-5127
Meradeth SnowDepartment of Anthropology, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA.
Silvia Esperanza Flores-MartínezDivisión de Medicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Mexico.
Rocio Ortiz-LopezTecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Mexico.ORCID 0000-0002-7783-026X
Austin W ReynoldsDepartment of Anthropology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA.
Antonio BlanchetInstituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico.
Mirna Morales-MarínInstituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico.
Rafael Velázquez-CruzInstituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico.
Aleksandar David KosticHarvard Medical School, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0837-4360
Carlos Galaviz-HernándezInstituto Politécnico Nacional, CIIDIR-Durango, Durango, Mexico.ORCID 0000-0001-8969-0543
Alejandra Guadalupe García-ZapiénDepartamento de Farmacobiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico.
José Concepción Jiménez-LópezDirección de Antropología Física, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Museo Nacional de Antropología, Mexico City, Mexico.
Guadalupe León-ReyesInstituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico.
Eva Gabriela Salas-BautistaDirección de Antropología Física, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Museo Nacional de Antropología, Mexico City, Mexico.
Blanca Patricia Lazalde-RamosUnidad Académica de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico.
Juan Luis Jiménez-RuízInstituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico.ORCID 0000-0003-4859-1703
Guadalupe Salas-MartínezInstituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico.
Jazmín Ramos-MadrigalSection for Evolutionary Genomics, The GLOBE Institute, The University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, 1352, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0002-1661-7991
Elaheh MirzaeicheshmehInstituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico.
Yolanda Saldaña-AlvarezInstituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico.
María Del Carmen Abrahantes-PérezInstituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico.ORCID 0000-0002-1312-3988
Francisco Loeza-BecerraUniversidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Michoacán, Mexico.
Raúl Mojica-EspinosaInstituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico.ORCID 0000-0003-0855-7594
Federico Sánchez-QuintoInstituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico.
Héctor Rangel-VillalobosInstituto de Investigación en Genética Molecular, Universidad de Guadalajara Ocotlán, Jalisco, Mexico.
Martha Sosa-MacíasInstituto Politécnico Nacional, CIIDIR-Durango, Durango, Mexico.
José Sánchez-CoronaDivisión de Medicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Mexico.
Augusto Rojas-MartinezTecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Mexico.ORCID 0000-0003-3765-6778
Angélica Martínez-HernándezInstituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico.
Lorena OrozcoInstituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico. lorozco@inmegen.gob.mx.ORCID 0000-0002-5801-9180

Funding

SPECIAL ASSAY COREP30DK036836 · NIDDK · JOSLIN DIABETES CENTER · PI ROHIT N. KULKARNI · 1986 to 2026
$50.5M
NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK036836
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The genetic makeup of Indigenous populations inhabiting Mexico has been strongly influenced by geography and demographic history. Here, we perform a genome-wide analysis of 716 newly genotyped individuals from 60 of the 68 recognized ethnic groups in Mexico. We show that the genetic structure of these populations is strongly influenced by geography, and our demographic reconstructions suggest a decline in the population size of all tested populations in the last 15-30 generations. We find evidence that Aridoamerican and Mesoamerican populations diverged roughly 4-9.9 ka, around the time when sedentary farming started in Mesoamerica. Comparisons with ancient genomes indicate that the Upward Sun River 1 (USR1) individual is an outgroup to Mexican/South American Indigenous populations, whereas Anzick-1 was more closely related to Mesoamerican/South American populations than to those from Aridoamerica, showing an even more complex history of divergence than recognized so far.

Indexed as

Genome, HumanPhylogenyEthnicityGenetic VariationGenomicsHistory, AncientHuman MigrationHumansIndians, North AmericanMexicoPhylogeographyPopulation Dynamics

Identifiers

PMID34642312
PMCPMC8511047

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.