ArticleJournal of neurogastroenterology and motility2021
Proton Pump Inhibitor Use Increases Pyogenic Liver Abscess Risk: A Nationwide Cohort Study.
Article in Journal of neurogastroenterology and motility, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Endoscopy for Metabolic Diseases.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Etiology, Risk Factors, and Antimicrobial Resistance in Recurrent Pyogenic Liver Abscesses: A Six-Year Analysis.Infection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- Incidence, Risk Factors, and Subsequent Health Outcomes of Pyogenic Liver Abscesses: A Scoping Review of Evidence From Population-Based Studies.Gastroenterology research and practice · 2025Review
- The evolution and current state of bariatric endoscopy in Western countries.Clinical endoscopy · 2024Review
- Risk of Pyogenic Liver Abscess in Proton Pump Inhibitor Users: New Inventory of Proton Pump Inhibitor Induced Complications?Journal of neurogastroenterology and motility · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
aimsProton pump inhibitors (PPIs) increase gastric pH and alter the gut microbiome. An increased risk for infectious diseases has been reported in PPI users. However, little is known about the association of PPI use with pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) incidence risk.
methodsWe conducted a population-based cohort study using data from a nationwide representative sample of the Korean general population followed up for 10 years (January 1, 2003 to December 31, 2013). We identified PPI prescriptions and considered PPI as a timevarying variable. Proportional hazards regression model was used for incident PLA comparing PPI use versus non-use. Propensity score matching was also conducted.
resultsDuring the 4 209 229 person-years of follow-up, 58 595 participants had at least 1 PPI prescription and 541 patients developed liver abscess. The age-, sex-, residential area-, and income-adjusted hazard ratio for PLA incidence with PPI use was 4.19 (95% CI, 2.54- 6.92). The association was observed in fully adjusted models (hazard ratio 3.88; 95% CI, 2.33-6.44). The positive association between PPI use and PLA was consistent in all subgroups analyzed and in propensity score matching group.
conclusionThe present data indicate that PPI use is associated with an increased PLA risk. Therefore, it is necessary to prescribe PPIs with clear indication and to avoid improper use of PPIs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.