Trial reportBMC pediatrics2021
Traditional Mongolian swaddling and developmental dysplasia of the hip: a randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in BMC pediatrics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Environmental factors associated with incidence of developmental dysplasia of the hip: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2023Pooled it
- Incidence of Neonatal Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip and Late Detection Rates Based on Screening Strategy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA network open · 2022Pooled it
- Perspectives of mothers regarding infant swaddling and hip health in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: Behavioral trends and associated determinants.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2026Article
- Optimizing early hip maturation strategies in neonatal hip immaturity and dysplasia: a cohort study and network meta-analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- Caregivers' care experiences of children with developmental dislocation of the hip in Tibet, China: a convergent mixed-methods study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Why all newborn hip screening programs have same results-a mini review.European journal of pediatrics · 2024Review
- Article
- Comparison of treatment methods in patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip.Turkish journal of medical sciences · 2024Article
- Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip - Part 1.Revista brasileira de ortopedia · 2023Article
- Community-Based Hip Screening for Up to Four-Month-Old Infants and Health Guidance for Their Caregivers in Japan: A Nation-Wide Survey.Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy) · 2023Article
- Exploring cultural determinants to be integrated into preterm infant care in the neonatal intensive care unit: an integrative literature review.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2023Review
- Surgical procedures in infants with early diagnoses of developmental dysplasia of the hip. A prospective 4-year follow-up study.Journal of orthopaedicsArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMongolian traditional swaddling of infants, where arms and legs are extended with a tight wrapping and hips are in adduction position, may lead to abnormal maturation and formation of the hip joint; and is a contributing factor for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). This hypothesis was tested in this randomized controlled trial.
methodsEighty newborns with one or two hips at risk of worsening to DDH (Graf Type 2a; physiologically immature hips) at birth were randomized into 2 groups at a tertiary hospital in Ulaanbaatar. The "swaddling" group (n = 40) was swaddled in the common traditional Mongolian method for a month while the "non-swaddling" group (n = 40) was instructed not to swaddle at all. All enrollees were followed up on monthly basis by hip ultrasound and treated with an abduction-flexion splint if necessary. The groups were compared on the rate of Graf's "non-Type 1" hips at follow-up controls as the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were rate of DDH and time to discharge (Graf Type 1; healthy hips). In addition, correlation between the primary outcome and swaddling length in days and frequency of swaddling in hours per day were calculated.
resultsRecruitment continued from September 2019 to March 2020 and follow-up data were completed in June 2020. We collected final outcome data in all 80 enrollees. Percentages of cases with non-Type 1 hip at any follow-up examination were 7.5% (3/40) in the non-swaddling group and 40% (16/40) in the swaddling group (p = 0.001). There was no DDH case in the non-swaddling group while there were 8 cases of DDH in the swaddling group. The mean time to discharge was 5.1 ± 0.3 weeks in the non-swaddling group and 8.4 ± 0.89 weeks in the swaddling group (p = 0.001). There is a correlation between the primary outcome and the swaddling frequency in hours per day (r = 0.81) and swaddling length in days (r = 0.43).
conclusionsMongolian traditional swaddling where legs are extended and hips are in extension and adduction position increases the risk for DDH.
trial registrationRetrospectively registered, ISRCTN11228572 .
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