Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34641532›Full record

ReviewMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2021

Photodegradation of Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: Stability Tests and Lipid Nanocarriers for Their Photoprotection.

Giuseppina Ioele, Fedora Grande, Michele De Luca, Maria Antonietta Occhiuzzi, Antonio Garofalo, Gaetano Ragno

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  8. EXCLI journal · 2023
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Giuseppina IoeleDepartment of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-3910-1899
Fedora GrandeDepartment of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-6154-4330
Michele De LucaDepartment of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-9036-1595
Maria Antonietta OcchiuzziDepartment of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy.
Antonio GarofaloDepartment of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy.
Gaetano RagnoDepartment of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-0510-3418

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The present paper provides an updated overview of the methodologies applied in photodegradation studies of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Photostability tests, performed according to international standards, have clearly demonstrated the photolability of many drugs belonging to this class, observed during the preparation of commercial forms, administration or when dispersed in the environment. The photodegradation profile of these drugs is usually monitored by spectrophotometric or chromatographic techniques and in many studies the analytical data are processed by chemometric procedures. The application of multivariate analysis in the resolution of often-complex data sets makes it possible to estimate the pure spectra of the species involved in the degradation process and their concentration profiles. Given the wide use of these drugs, several pharmaceutical formulations have been investigated to improve their photostability in solution or gel, as well as the pharmacokinetic profile. The use of lipid nanocarriers as liposomes, niosomes or solid lipid nanoparticles has demonstrated to both minimize photodegradation and improve the controlled release of the entrapped drugs.

Indexed as

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-SteroidalDrug CarriersDrug StabilityLipidsLiposomesNanostructuresPhotolysisAnti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-SteroidalDrug CarriersLipidsLiposomesICH Quality Guidelinesliposomesniosomesphotodegradationsolid lipid nanoparticles

Identifiers

PMID34641532
PMCPMC8512772

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.