ReviewMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Controlled Drug Delivery Systems: Current Status and Future Directions.
Review in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07442591 (A Clinical Study to Assess the Effect of Different Dosing Intervals on the Multiple-Dose Pharmacokinetics of WD-1603), which is not on this map. Cited by 518 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Clinical Study to Assess the Effect of Different Dosing Intervals on the Multiple-Dose Pharmacokinetics of WD-1603 (25mg Carbidopa/150mg Levodopa) When Administered Before Meals in Healthy Participants
Who cites it
518 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Nanomedicine-Integrated Phototherapy for Cancer Theranostics: A Systematic Review of Photoresponsive Materials, Mechanisms, and Clinical Translation.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Pooled it
- Pharmacomicrobiomics-driven targeted drug delivery for precision microbiome modulation.Daru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences · 2026Review
- Fabrication and characterization evaluation of sustained-release dissolving microneedles with skin soothing function.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Development of soy protein isolate-based orally disintegrating films: The dual role of β-Cyclodextrin in enhancing disintegration performance and ergothioneine stability.Food chemistry: X · 2026Article
- Beyond the dose: a clearance-enabled in vitro platform for evaluating local therapies.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Pathological Signal-Responsive Nanoplatforms for Sepsis: Integrating Biomarker Sensing With Spatiotemporal Drug Delivery and Immunomodulation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- On-demand design of controlled-release systems using an expert-mimic AI framework.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Insights on the Generation of Polymeric Drug Carriers via Supercritical Fluid-Assisted Technologies.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
- Intravaginal Delivery of Oxybutynin: An Alternative Administration Route to Improve its Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Effects.European urology open science · 2026Article
- Clinical innovations and future directions of nanoparticles in the treatment of psychiatric and neurological disorders.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- Development of Prolonged-Release Orodispersible Minitablets Containing Bisoprolol Fumarate.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Nanoparticle-Enabled Biomaterials for Controlled Drug Delivery in Implantable and Wearable Devices.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Molecular mechanisms, therapeutic strategies, and inter-organ fibrosis crosstalk of Gla proteins in cardiovascular disease.Communications biology · 2026Review
- Functional polysaccharide-based bioactive delivery systems for urinary and reproductive system therapeutics.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Review
- Quercetin-conjugated nanoparticles enhance drug delivery to dental tissues: an experimental study in rats.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Applications of Bioinorganic Nano-Based Delivery Systems-Diagnostics and Therapeutics.Drug development research · 2026Review
- Oleuropein regulates neuronal survival and Histone acetylation in Parkinson's disease: cellular and epigenetic insights.Metabolic brain disease · 2026Article
- Engineered Yolk-Shell Nanocarriers for Biphasic Release and Efficient Codelivery of Chemotherapy Drugs in Lung Cancer Cells.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Nanomaterials for the Prevention, Detection, and Treatment of Pharyngeal Human Papillomavirus Infection: A Translational Roadmap.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
458 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The drug delivery system enables the release of the active pharmaceutical ingredient to achieve a desired therapeutic response. Conventional drug delivery systems (tablets, capsules, syrups, ointments, etc.) suffer from poor bioavailability and fluctuations in plasma drug level and are unable to achieve sustained release. Without an efficient delivery mechanism, the whole therapeutic process can be rendered useless. Moreover, the drug has to be delivered at a specified controlled rate and at the target site as precisely as possible to achieve maximum efficacy and safety. Controlled drug delivery systems are developed to combat the problems associated with conventional drug delivery. There has been a tremendous evolution in controlled drug delivery systems from the past two decades ranging from macro scale and nano scale to intelligent targeted delivery. The initial part of this review provides a basic understanding of drug delivery systems with an emphasis on the pharmacokinetics of the drug. It also discusses the conventional drug delivery systems and their limitations. Further, controlled drug delivery systems are discussed in detail with the design considerations, classifications and drawings. In addition, nano-drug delivery, targeted and smart drug delivery using stimuli-responsive and intelligent biomaterials is discussed with recent key findings. The paper concludes with the challenges faced and future directions in controlled drug delivery.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.